Thursday, December 26, 2019

What is Parenthood Essay

Introduction Parenthood is the state in which individual(s) transits to become a parent and as such his/her roles, status, values and needs in the society change. For an individual to qualify to become a parent they have to have a child and thus the man becomes a father while the woman becomes a mother. In parenthood, one can either be a single parent, which refers that he/she has been mandated to look after the kid alone due to unavoidable circumstances. In life, everybody is bound to pass through this stage. Being a parent is one of the difficult tasks and at the same time rewarding task one will ever undertake in this world. Although one can be a parent by giving birth, adopting a child from an orphanage, raising a grandchild and even being a step/foster parent, the most challenging part in this transition is that one’s lifestyle automatically changes (DeBord). Lead sentence 1 The stages of parenthood are the image making stage, nurturing, authority, interpretive, independent, and the stage of departure. Explanation The stage of image making lies before the birth of a baby. From birth to 18 months we call this stage the nurturing since the parents are trying to form attachments with the new born. Authority stage is between 18 months to 5 years. During this period, the child is developing in different ways for example language. From age 5 through to the elementary school, the child is said to be in the interpretive stage of parenthood thus parents need to fully explain themselves in order for the child to understand. The last stage is the departure (death, separation, and distancing) one where age of children varies. Lead sentence 2 Different styles of parents have been characterized by researchers as authoritarian, permissive-indulgent, authoritative, and disengaged. Explanation Permissive-indulgent type of parents are those that give their children much attention and love yet are low when it comes to making certain demands which include punishments. Disengaged (permissive-indifferent) are those parents who take long in responding to their children’s needs as well as on making the demands. Parents who are authoritarian are however demanding, but not responsive thus are strict. They use punishments in disciplining their children and do not allow them the freedom to choose or express their views. Lastly, the authoritative parents have a balance in discipline measures, have high set standards and mature behavior expectations, enforce rules firmly and encourage children to be independent and individualistic (DeBord). Lead sentence 3 Parenthood does entail the responsibility of individual(s) being a parent(s) and thus they will need to nurture, support, and encourage their children to be positive in life so as to be triumphant people in future. Explanation A child becomes successful in future due to their parents’ support and encouragement and is why leadership is also associated with parenthood. Leadership encompasses the ability of an individual to support, promote, nurture, and lead the people of his/her country in a diplomatic and ethical way. When the leader of a country is true, they produce great societies that are dynamic hence citizens become productive. All this toils back to the kind of parent the leader had during his/her development. Leaders need to be real parents of their followers in order for them to grow, develop, and succeed which can be achieved by encouraging their citizens to persist in all they want to achieve (DeBord). Lead sentence 4 Parenthood is either planned for or unplanned. Explanation Planned Parenthood is where both the woman and man arrange on when they want to have their child while the unplanned parenthood is when the girl gets pregnant at a tender age and does not commit abortion. Surrogate parenthood on the other hand is when the barren woman requests the services of another woman to bear the child on her behalf and later get paid. The child will be theirs since the husband willfully gave his sperm for fertilization to take place. Teachers, coaches, neighbors and even grandparents all help in giving new parents useful information of the path they are taking. The skills associated with parenting can be strengthened by learning processes and experience, which is the best teacher (Elster 55). Conclusion The requirements of a good parenthood are; one should have a mature and stable personality at all times in order to be differentiated from the crowd. One should be reasonable enough thus should have the ability of controlling the impulses that are encountered. Above all these, the individual(s) should be a good role model to be followed by many in the society. None of these requirements is teachable to an individual since the feelings come from within. Fathers experience very high anxiety levels during the parenthood transition period as compared to women (Elster 55). Work Cited: DeBord, K. Parenthood and Parenting. New York: North Carolina. 1997. Elster, B. Adolescent Fatherhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1986 (2) 55.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Income Inequality By Kathryn Edin - 1227 Words

Income Inequality Kathryn Edin’s newly published book did not shock its readers; $2 a Day revealed economic exploitation and poverty in the United States. Edin’s publication, comprised of two decades of quantitative research and analysis, declared 1.5 million household incomes financially support $2 per person, per day (Edin). America, the land of prosperity and opportunity, lost its appeal as it plunged into financial crises and economic instability: the root cause being income inequality. The application of capitalism directly causes income inequality, therefore forcing the American people to face dire consequences; however, its counterpart, socialism, does not provide the necessary framework to lessen economic gaps and create a stable economy. Capitalism captivates the ideologies of individual prosperity based upon hard work and merit while encompassing social and political facets of the United States. Free market economies mirror the political and personal libe rties granted by the Constitution. They allow privatized businesses to be run at the liberty of their owners and investors (â€Å"Capitalism†). Capitalism requires a cyclic relationship between a consumer society dependent on purchasing goods and businessmen. Middle class workers invest their money in big businesses and create high demands in products and services. Business owners quickly profit from the influx of consumer habits; as their businesses grow, business owners can afford to hire moreShow MoreRelatedAttitudes on Poverty Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty more in structural terms (Clydesdale 1999). He also found that higher education resulted in less sympathy for the poor, and that Americans with college degrees were much less likely to support government efforts to get rid of the differences in income between the rich and poor, viewing poverty in more individualistic terms (Clydesdale 1999). RACE In her study Francis Adeola (2005) focused on the differences between blacks and whites in their attitudes toward poverty in the United States. Read MoreSocial And Economic Injustices Of America s War On The Public Good Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesBeyond. In ‘Nobody,’ published earlier this year, Hill sets the scene of social injustice through his analysis of the vulnerable, providing a snapshot of social upheaval. Two other literary works, $2.00 a Day: Living on Almost Nothing in America by Kathryn Edin and Luke Shaefer, and Bryan Stevenson’s book, Just Mercy: A story of justice and redemption, additionally seek to describe how social injustices and economic issues manifest in America. Together, all three texts use shocking personal accounts from

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Romeo and Juliet Romeos diary Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Romeos diary Essay O brawling love! O loving hate! O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of well seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Still waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. Whilst I was walking in Verona Gardens, thinking of Rosaline, I met Benvolio. Once again, there was a brawl in the market square. Benvolio tried to break it up but was challenged to a fight by Tybalt from the House of Capulet. I am so sick of this fighting. Why cant everyone be at peace? Why cant my mind be at peace? Oh how I love Rosaline! She is so rich in beauty, so fair and wise. But why does she not notice me? She will not give up her chastity for anyone or anything. How my heart pines for her sweet face. I talked with Benvolio but he does not believe how strongly I feel for her. No one does. Benvolio says that I should find another girl, one who will cure me of my pain. I know this will only emphasize Rosalines beauty and make me want her more. Also, when we were out walking a servant from the House of Capulet asked us to read a party invitation for him. Benvolio suggested that we go because itll be the perfect opportunity for me to see Rosaline amongst more beautiful girls. I have a bad feeling about this party. I dreamt a dream that some tragic, unknown consequence shall bring about my death. There is something in the stars I can feel it. I have met the most beautiful girl! She shines brighter than a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear! I saw her at the Capulet ball; it was love at first sight. I have fallen in love with Juliet, daughter of Capulet. Her face lights up the room, her touch could heal the sickest man. We kissed and I know that I am truly in love. After the party I decided I had to go back and see her. We talked, made exchange of our love vows and agreed that tomorrow morning we will be wed. Monday 20th July 1598 Dear Journal, Early this morning I went to ask Friar Lawrence if he would marry Juliet and I. He finally agreed in hope that our marriage will end the conflict between both our families. Afterwards I went to see Mercutio and Benvolio and the rest of the lads. Then a lady, who I think is Juliets Nurse, came and I told her to tell Juliet to be at Friar Lawrences cell where she shall be wed. So now I am waiting to go to the church. The gorgeous Juliet shall be my wife and I her devoted husband! I love you Juliet. I am fortunes fool! Good Mercutio is dead but I have killed Tybalt. Oh God, my lady. I am banished! Banished! I would rather be dead than be so far away from Juliet. I cannot explain my actions, Tybalt killed my best friend and out of anger I just thrust him with my sword. I did not mean to hurt my Lady Juliet. All I can hear now is Mercutios last words still ringing in my ears; A plague on both your houses! When at Friar Lawrences cell, Juliets Nurse came and told me to go and see her for she just weeps. Her and Friar Lawrence agreed that night I should go to Juliet but I must be gone by daybreak to Mantua. Friar Lawrence said that I have to stay there until he can find a way of bringing me back so Juliet and I can live happily in marriage. Tuesday 21st July 1598 .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .postImageUrl , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:hover , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:visited , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:active { border:0!important; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:active , .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8 .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53354215dba5e1584ba4861303a4e6f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play of Romeo and Juliet EssayDear Journal, I miss Juliet already. Im now in Mantua, impatiently waiting to hear some news and I havent even been here a day! I couldnt stand leaving Juliet so early this morning. Life is unbearable without her. I dont know how I lived until I met her! She is everything to me and I cant wait till were together again. Maybe our love wont have to be a secret anymore and both our families can reconcile and live together as one. So many things have happened these past few days. Ive met the love of my life, got married, lost my best friend, murdered someone and finally been banished. I still cant believe Mercutio is dead. Its all my fault, I didnt mean for him to be hurt. I wish I could tell him and Tybalt how sorry I am. I also wish I could tell Juliet how much I love her. This week all seems so strange; so much has gone on. Im so happy that I have found Juliet but I fear that something bad will come from all of this. But I dont think it could get much worse! Hopefully I wont have to stay here long. I trust Friar Lawrence will do everything he can to keep Juliet and myself together. I love you Juliet. Thursday 23rd July 1598 Dear Journal, I keep having such joyous dreams! They seem to forecast some great news. If dreams of Juliet are so delightful, I cannot begin to imagine how much more wonderful it will be to actually be with her. I dreamt that she came and found me dead and breathed such life with kisses into my lips that I revived and was an emperor! I cannot wait to see Juliet again. Wait here comes Balthasar I defy you stars! Oh god my beautiful lady Juliet is dead. I will lay with you tonight my love. I do remember seeing an apothecary nearby. I will pay him all I can for a dram of poison so I can again be with my wife Juliet, even if it is in death. I will ride to Verona where in the Capulets tomb; I shall look upon Juliets fair face and, with the help of this poison, die.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The State and The Society

The difference between state and society is often not distinct. Attempts made to differentiate the two have not yielded significant results so far. On one hand, the state has historically been considered to be a regulatory organ. Although there are various theories that have been put forward to elucidate between the two terms, a common ground is yet to be reached.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The State and The Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this has created myriad of complexities in outlining clear differences since it is largely believed that both the state and society are dependent of each other. In order to understand the difference between the two, both their definitions and roles should be determined. The state can be defined as a system which has set rules and regulations that ensures the presence and regulation of norms for purposes of peaceful and harmonious co-existence. It is a s ystem that is brought into being due to the need for mutual coexistence. Therefore, a state creates regulatory framework so that individuals within society can coexist harmoniously. This appears to be similar according to non-conservatism theory put forward by Friedrich Hayek. The latter theorist believed that liberalism was the only way through which the rule of law could be upheld. Moreover, a state has myriad of ways through which it can enact and enforce legislations which society is expected to adhere to. At this point, a state acts as a driving force to society and therefore it stands out as an exceptional organ which the society must respect. For situations and individuals to experience the presence of norms, entity behavior must be defined where each character in the situation is expected to adhere to certain stipulations in order ensure continual existence of norms. These create boundaries of social behavior as normally brought about by collective agreements that require in dividuals to make stringent observations. Such collective consensuses have been witnessed in creation of guiding documents such as the constitution which leads to the creation of the law. This is also supported by Schmitt’s law of the exception which stated that sovereign determines emergency levels in situations that experience absence of norms. Hence, the state intervention with regulatory approaches is inevitable to bring norms back into existence. The latter is exceptional especially when describing the difference between state and society.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A government is a body that ensures wellbeing of the society through upholding of social norms. These are the same functions carried out by the state. Hence, there are several similarities between government and state. However, according to the theorist Friedman, a government is in a position to do w hat individuals in society cannot do. Sometimes, the government or state may fail to ensure existence of societal norms, especially when under threat from society for poor regulation; the state may opt to use absolute authority for the sake of its sustainability. The state may also become prominent when it imposes state-friendly norms while interpersonal norms are given less priority. State elements such as leaders and politicians end up amassing much power and wealth leading to rise in leadership. On the other hand, society is a collection of different individuals with various norms and practices but with a common expectation. The society creates regulatory documents with collective vision such as the law to ensure coexistence. Although society does not individually carry the mandate of ensuring efficiency of regulations, it greatly influences the degree of efficiency of these regulations. In order to ensure efficiency, society creates bodies in a similar way as the state or govern ment, which are mandated to observe effectiveness of regulations. To a larger extent, society becomes a victim of the regulations and consequences resulting from failed norms. In summing up, it is imperative to note that the difference between the state and society is quite small. The society is the foundational base for existence of norms and thus leads to the need for regulation of norms. It is out of the existence of society that the there is need to form a state. This essay on The State and The Society was written and submitted by user Aal1yah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Legalization of Canibus Sativa essays

Legalization of Canibus Sativa essays The debate over the legalization of Cannabis Sativa, more commonly known as marijuana, has been one of the most heated controversies ever to occur in the United States. Its use as a medicine has existed for thousands of years in many countries world wide and documented as far back as 2700 BC where the plant had been grown for fiber. Common slang names for this drug include ganja, cannabis, dope, grass, bung, rasta, weed, pot, or tree. Unfortunately many critics opinions may vary on this topic. Yet, regardless of whether or not you think marijuana should be legalized for medical use its important to understand both sides of the argument. Dennis Petro says, There is no compelling evidence now that marijuana is a necessary treatment for the conditions for which some want it legalized-pain, muscle spasms and glaucoma. Many doctors say that in the past, without a doubt, smoking pot was a good way to treat certain problems, but today other drugs make pot smoking for medical purposes unnecessary. Lester Grinspoon, a marijuana guru and Harvard psychiatrist argues that marijuana certainly seems safer than many other drugs even aspirin, which causes bleeding and kills hundreds of people a year, there has not been a single known death by marijuana overdose. The drugs detractors maintain that there is no proven medical use for smoked marijuana (Peron). Many researchers claim that marijuana alleviates some symptoms associated with a variety of diseases. Specifically, cancer patients report the efficacy of marijuana in the reduction of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, as well as increase in appetite and weight gain, according to studies by researchers at Dana- Farber Cancer Institute, Cornell Medical College in New York and National Institutes of Health. In a study of 1,000 oncologists published in July in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, 44% said they recommended marijuana to at least one patient...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

PREPARE AND WRITE A SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY ESSAY

PREPARE AND WRITE A SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY ESSAY PREPARE AND WRITE A SUPERIOR UNIVERSITY ESSAY Tackling a university- or college-level essay can be daunting. Its especially difficult for those who are new to this type of writing. Advanced education essays require a different style, compared to what you may do in high school classes. Certain specifics and technical approaches are beneficial. Here are five tips to improve your skills: Brainstorming for ideas is key. You cant always rely on your memory to save all your thoughts when brainstorming. Write it all down, later slashing and burning any unnecessary ideas. An integral part of this process involves excising any unfruitful thoughts. Dont be afraid to do this; keep only the good stuff. Your first draft is where the rough stuff gets done. Dont worry about being perfect,;the paper wont be on your first attempt. Just get your ideas down and let the thoughts flow. You can clean it up later. Your essay must have three distinct parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. This is where the technical applications come into play. You have to set up the flow in a coherent way. The body should have several parts. The introduction and conclusion often need only have one paragraph. Your paper must have a focused view. No matter what you write, your viewpoint should be substantiated in some way. Say you mention something about the American Civil War. If you have about an opinion about how the South approached the defense of their territories, these views need to be backed up by events that occurred. If the views are not supported by facts on the page, the paper will not work. It will solely be viewed as conjecture, or, at best, an opinion piece. Do your research. Be honest about what you are writing. Find a creative angle to draw the readers attention. Essays are complex this way. A strong essary has to be technical and creative enough to keep someones interest. Its a tall order, but not an impossible feat. is geared to help with your coursework and assignments. Looking to create university- and graduate-level papers? Let us help with technical and creative aspects in all your writing. Give us a

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Price and promoting Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price and promoting Starbucks - Essay Example e growth in a market with price fluctuations; and upholds Starbucks commitment to purchase high-quality product in a socially responsible manner† (9). Starbucks likewise implements differentiated pricing strategies depending on diverse target markets. Smith disclosed that Starbucks pricing strategy at the lower end of the market as the â€Å"mark-to-market pricing strategy. Basic coffee at Starbucks may be somewhat more expensive than the watered down swill they call coffee at a low end diner, but it is priced competitively within its peer category† (Smith par. 5). On the other hand, at the higher end of the target market, Starbucks implements that â€Å"differentiated-value pricing strategy. In this category, the competition is weaker and Starbucks does have stronger pricing power. They can price in proportion to the value customers place on having a high quality and highly customized product† (Smith par. 7). promotion (Tewell, Odom and Snider 18). The Starbucks Back to Basics article written by NewMyer, et al. has emphasized the organization as implementing a pull promotional strategy; meaning, they promote directly to the customers (NewMyer, Fox and Kelsay 3). Carmichael emphasized that since bulk of their customers return to get the next cup of coffee or purchase some food items at Starbucks, â€Å"company executives feel that improving the in-store customer experience is a much more effective means of advertising than via Starbucks commercials. Starbucks encourages the promotion of their stores as a ‘third home’, providing comfortable chairs for customers to relax and spend time in, playing music and providing outlets for people to plug their laptops into† (Carmichael par. 4). However, Starbucks has also acknowledged that using social media as a means to promote various products and activities. As reported by Noff, â€Å"overall Starbucks’s social media strategy integrates many different elements into the mix and combined together, these elements

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing Plan for Triumph Spares Limited Essay

Marketing Plan for Triumph Spares Limited - Essay Example Our market consist of both the final consumers and the b2b selling. However, it is noted that bulk of our sales are done through b2b channel, and only 20% of our sales is made to small customers through the shop. Therefore, we need to plan a strategy that will help us widen the both sectors and will lead to increase in the profits and revenues.The company has divided its market into two segments:Business Buyers: Here the deals are made with the other business and the company keeps a margin of 50%. This is the segment where the company earns the maximum revenue and almost 80% of its sales are made through this segment. Hence, we need to understand that this segment is most important to us in terms of its size and contribution to the profit. Hence, we need to devise a policy that sustains and grows the revenues earned from this segment. In other words, we can conclude that this is a priority segment for us. We need to look after this segment and need to give it much more importance and attention than the other sector. The sales made in this sector are in bulk and hence we can exploit on economies of scale if we continue to give importance to this sector given the size of this sector.General Public: This is the other market segment; we are currently selling our products to. Here the profit margins are high but the sales volume is very low, so we cannot rely just on this segment. We need to make sure that both the segments are sustained are served together if we need to maximize our profits.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Conformity discussion Essay Example for Free

Conformity discussion Essay Conformity was first researched by Jenness (1932) who placed a large number of beans in a bottle and asked students to estimate the number and then arranged for them to discuss their guesses with a group, later when asked to give their estimates again; he found their individual estimates had converged towards that of the group. In Sherifs (1935) study of conformity, Sherif used the autokinetic effect in which a stationary spotlight in the dark seems to be moving due to slight movements of the eye. When participants were asked by how much and in what direction did the spotlight move they tended to make judgements that were very close to each others when placed in a group. The fact that a group norm rapidly replaced the personal norms of the members of the group indicates the existence of social influence. Asch questioned the results of Sheriffs study and claimed that participants only conformed because the stimulus was ambiguous. Asch (1951) set up a situation in which 7 people all sat looking at a display they were given the task of saying out loud which one of the three lines a, b or c was the same the same length as the given stimulus line all but one of the participants were confederates. On the crucial trials on which the confederates all gave the same wrong answer the genuine participant also gave the wrong answer on 37% of these trials. This showed that group pressures to conform were stronger then previously thought since the situation was unambiguous. This led to Deutsh and Gerard (1955) to identify two explanations for conformity, Normative and Informational influence. The latter occurs when an individual conforms because of the superior knowledge or judgement of others as in Sherifs (1935) study of conformity. Informational influence tends to lead to a change in private opinion. Normative influence occurs when an individual conforms because the person wants to be liked by the other members of a group, and also wants to avoid rejection as in Asch (1951). Normative influence is not likely to change private opinions but public opinions. However, since these studies it has been found that there exists a historical difference and cultural differences in conformity. One of the limitations of Aschs work was the background of the participants; obtained from the United States in the early 1940s, Americans were said to be more conformist than other people. Perrin Spencer (1980) conducted research in which they repeated Aschs study in England and found little evidence of conformity in comparison to Aschs study, leading them to conclude that Aschs study was a child of its time. In addition to this Smith and Bond (1993) carried out an analysis of a number of studies that had used Aschs task in the United States. They concluded that: Levels of conformity in general had steadily declined since Aschs study in the early 1950s. Still, Perrin Spencers study was criticized on the grounds that the participants they selected were educated to a high standard and therefore had more confidence in their opinion. This together with Smith and Bonds research suggests that the decline in conformity through time has been largely due to changes in education practices. Hence the aim of this study is to investigate levels of conformity amongst sixth form tutors at Moseley UK, it is presumed that there will be little evidence of conformity since the participants have been through an education system that supposedly promotes independent thinking, as well as the time difference between now, and the original conformity studies. It is also true that the participants experience of society will reflect that of an individualistic nature where the emphasis is on and around the individual to have a sense of personal identity, thus reducing the likelihood of conformity. This will be done by partially replicating the Jennes jellybean study. Experimental hypothesis: The participants will produce estimates that are close to the fake answers already written down in the high and low conditions.  Null Hypothesis: The participants estimates will be unaffected by the fake answers already written down in the high and low conditions.  The experimental hypothesis is based on previous research. Method  Design  Field Experiment design in that experiment was conducted within the school, this design was preferred as it was the most cost and time effective. Independent and Dependant variables included (IV= Condition, DV=estimate). There were 2 conditions High answer condition and a Low answer condition. Independent design in that each participant is selected for only one group. Directional Hypothesis was selected on the basis of previous research, the level of conformity, whether it was significant, was to be established using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p=0.05.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Changing Views of Family in Society Essays -- Family

A Family Portrait: How the Picture Keeps Changing Growing up I believed that the three bears in the tale of Goldilocks were a family because they lived under the same roof and ate at the same table. I also believed that Barbie and her little sister, Skipper, were family because they looked alike, and that Mr. Potato Head and Mrs. Potato Head were family because they were married. Now that I am grown, my understanding of family has matured, and many sources have helped shape my belief. Carol Shields points out in her article, â€Å"Family Is One of the Few Certainties We Will Take with Us Far into the Future,† that all around us there are different definitions and symbols of family (Shields 558). In short, a family does not have to conform to a set mold to be considered a family. For example, a small family, such as Mr. and Mrs. Potato Head’s, still qualifies as a family. On the contrary, Webster supports a more traditional view that defines â€Å"family† as a household consisting of parents and their children. R elatives and those who share a mutual ancestor are also included in this definition (â€Å"Family† 215). Our culture’s interpretation of family is constantly changing, and an amendment to the definition should be allowed for. History tells us that a family consists of a man, a woman, and their children, but I believe that today, that definition should branch out to include non-traditional families, which in some cases could even include, pets and close friends. Thousands of years ago, a family consisted of a man, a woman, their children, their servant, and any children the man had with the servant. King Solomon from the Bible is said to have had seven-hundred wives and three-hundred concubines. His family was quite literally the siz... ...rom whether biological relatives or best of friends. Circumstances may alter the traditional sense of the word family, but human nature allows us to adapt and form our lives accordingly. With our ever changing society, maybe Hasbro Toys will someday have Mr. Potato Head leave the Missus for a certain lusty Radish and her two children. Works Cited Shields, Carol. â€Å"Family Is One of the Few Certainties We Will Take with Us Far into the Future.† Wall Street Journal, 1 Jan 2000. Elements of Argument. Eds. John E. Sullivan III and Deborah Baker. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. 558-563. Smiley, Jane. â€Å"Why Do We Marry?† Utne Reader, Sep/Oct 2000. Elements of Argument. Eds. John E. Sullivan III and Deborah Baker. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006. 563-564. â€Å"Family.† Webster's New World Dictionary. Ed. Victoria Neufeldt. New York City: Pocket Books, 1995. 215.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Compares Adolf Hitler to Machiavelli’s “The Prince” Essay

Adolf Hitler, the self-proclaimed â€Å"savior† of the German people. He was an insecure, egotistical man, who ominously controlled the German people. Hitler thought that he could change things with force, which soon got him into trouble, and landed him in jail. During his time in jail, Hitler had turned over direction of the Nazi party to Alfred Rosenberg. Rosenberg edited the party’s newspaper, the Và ¶lkischer Beobacter (Popular Observer), but had no administrative ability. As a result, Hitler easily resumed complete control of the party upon his release in December 1924.In the years from 1925 to 1930; Hitler built up a network of local party organizations over most of Germany, and reorganized the SA. At the same time he organized the SS, to protect him, supervise and control the party, and perform police tasks. Hitler’s mass of followers began to grow, and soon those who didn’t follow him soon became the minority. Hitler gained political power soon af ter and his reign of terror began, ending with the deaths of over 6 million Jews that were persecuted by the Nazis, because they were supposedly the problem in Germany. Hitler indiscriminately followed some of Machiavelli’s principles as described in â€Å"The Prince†. Whereas he embraced Machiavelli’s ideas concerning human nature, and separation of politics and morality, he ignored Machiavelli’s concept of military power, which led to his ultimate downfall. As described in Niccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†, to be a successful ruler, you must incorporate the principles or guidelines he sets in this pamphlet, three of the most important being, his concepts of human nature, his ideas about separation of politics and morality, and the reality of military power In chapters XV, XVI, XVII Machiavelli devotes a long time describing aspects of human nature that a prince must understand. Machiavelli says it is human nature to praise certain qualities and blame others. According to human nature certain qualities are considered worth of praise, for example: generosity, courage, and mercy. Other qualities would be considered worthy of blame: miserly, cowardly, and treacherous. But according to Machiavelli: â€Å"†¦ And I know that everyone will admit, that it would be a very praise  worthy thing to find in a prince, the qualities mentioned above, those that are held to be good; but since it is neither possible to have them or to observe them all completely, because the human condition does not permit it, a prince must be prudent enough to know how to escape the bad reputation of those vices that would loose the state for him, and must protect himself from those that will not use it for him† (Machiavelli, 52). In other words Machiavelli says that human nature praises certain qualities and blame others, but he says there is no way that human can do all the good things and avoid, and that a prince must figure out how to not take so much blame when he does wrong, and try to do as many good things as he can. For example regarding generosity and miserliness, Machiavelli says to be truly generous, one must be miserly at times. â€Å"A prince, therefore, being unable to use his virtue of generosity in a manner which will not harm himself†¦ should, if he is wise, not worry about being called a miser; for with time, he will come to be considered more generous†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (53) In one finally contrast, according to Machiavelli in regards to courage and cowardice, mercy and treachery he says † That every prince must desire to be considered merciful and not cruel; never the less, he must take care not to misuse this mercy†¦Therefore, a prince must not worry about the reproach of cruelty, when it is a matter of keeping his subjects united and loyal† (55). According to Machiavelli, there are times when you don’t worry about doing the right thing, if it leads to the end you are seeking. This kind of thinking is the basis for his ideas concerning the separation of politics and morality. In essence, Machiavelli’s philosophy concerning politics and morality is this: In order to achieve political prowess (i.e. power, glory, fame) you may need to break the rules, or be immoral. In chapter VIII and IX, Machiavelli describes the ways a man can become a prince. In addition to gaining a fortune, and political prowess, criminal acts and popularity contests can help a man’s rise to power. Machiavelli uses King Agathocles of Syracuse as an example of a man who rose to power through crime (30). King Agathocles rose to power through cruelty, and didn’t care about what was  right or wrong (morality). As described in Chapter IX, another means of achieving your political goals is † When a private citizen, not through wickedness or any other intolerable violence, but with the favour of his fellow citizens, becomes prince†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (33) He goes on to say † I maintain that one reaches this princedom either with the favour of he common people or with that of the nobility† (33). Machiavelli’s idea was that a prince needs to please both sides, the rich and the poor, by any means possible. Even if that means telling them what they want to hear, lying, doing whatever is necessary. Machiavelli suggests that it is acceptable to be immoral, if it gets someone what he or she wants. This appears on the surface to be very harsh and cruel, but he tempers his position by saying the one who gains power by treacherous means, may not gain as much glory as the one who gains power by virtuous means. Understanding human nature, and manipulating politics and morality are fine, but the true measure of a prince, is in his ability to wage war. Machiavelli measured the success of all principalities on their ability to gather an army. Machiavelli judged a prince on whether he could protect himself, or needed the protection of others. † I say that I judge those princes self-sufficient who, either through abundance of troops or of money, are able to gather together a suitable army and fight a good battle, against whoever should attack them† (37). A strong prince must build strong armies, and there are three types of armies. The princes own troops, mercenaries, and auxiliary troops. â€Å"Mercenaries and auxiliaries are useless and dangerous† (42). According to Machiavelli, these troops are undisciplined and disloyal. Machiavelli concludes that the only good army is one that is made up of your own countrymen (48). So important is the waging of war, and the building of a fearful army, Machiavelli suggests that this is the only thing a prince should think about. † A prince, therefore, must not have any other object nor any other thought, nor must he take anything as his profession, but war, its institutions, and its discipline†¦it is evident that when princes have given more thought to personal luxuries than to arms, they have lost their state.† (49) For Machiavelli a prince must devote a considerable amount of time in developing an army by use of any means possible, (once again playing on human nature) training in war time, and in peace time. The true measure of a successful prince as seen by Machiavelli, is in his ability to manipulate human nature, which involves a balance of contradiction and hypocrisy, achieving your political means morally or immorally, and securing your success by the establishment of a strong army. And if anything you must build a strong army first, in order to use the other two concepts to your advantage. Perhaps if Hitler had adhered to these principles in the correct measure, he too would be seen as a successful â€Å"prince.†

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Compare Tom Regan, Carl Cohen and Peter Singer in Terms of Animal Rights

Animal rights are one of the most controversial issues today. There has been endless debate about whether or not animals have rights. Philosophers attempt to come up with the moral conclusions by taking in account the many different standpoints and presenting their related arguments. In his essay â€Å"The case of animal rights†, Tom Regan, a professor of philosophy at North Carolina State University, defends his view that the center of our moral concern should not bring the suffering on animal as well as treating animals in a certain way. In other words, we should treat animals as if they are our property. We should only use them to benefit us and hurting them is an action that is not morally justifiable. In addition, in his article â€Å"All Animal Are Equal†, Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher, has many points which show us that we have responsibilities to protect animal rights. Singer’s argument in his essay gives us a great support to the argument that Reagan trying to discuss in terms of morally equal. In contrast, â€Å"The case of the use of animals in biomedical research† by Carl Cohen, a philosophy professor at University of Michigan Medical School, although he agrees with Regan’s idea in terms of moral rights as well as practices that essentially involve harming animals are morally unjustified, he strongly supports for the use of animal in medical research, and scientific experiments to avoid risking human lives. â€Å"The case of animal rights†, â€Å"all animal are equal† and â€Å"The case of the use of animals in biomedical research† introduce to us a new thinking about treating animals. In his essay, Tom Regan points out theories are deficient in animals. The author discusses â€Å"Indirect duty view† which humans should recognize that animals should have the same rights as humans and they have the duty to uphold these rights. Besides that, Regan states in the â€Å"Contractarianism† that humans have rights and can protect their rights under the terms of the contract they signed. However, he indicated that animals have no rights because they cannot sign the contract. We humans should have direct duties to all animals. Even the views including â€Å"Indirect duty view,† â€Å"Cruelty-kindness view,† and â€Å"Utilitarian view† fail to protect animal rights, he promotes the right view, which is the inherent value view. The author states that all individuals, including human and nonhuman animals, who are experienced the subject of life, should have equal inherent values and equal rights while being treated with respect. In addition, Peter Singer agrees with Regan that all animals are morally equal, at least with regard to their suffering. Peter Singer argues the point that animals and humans should be granted â€Å"equal consideration. Granting equal consideration means that humans and animals do not need to be treated exactly the same way, but that they need to be treated in an appropriate manner. Singer believes that suffering is â€Å"the vital characteristic that gives a being the right to equal consideration†. If all beings are able to suffer, animals should be treat ed with consideration equal to humans in most circumstances. Moreover, in his essay â€Å"All animals are equal,† Peter Singer points out the case for women's rights and refers to similar arguments of animal’s rights. Since animal’s rights were absurd, the argument for women's rights must be mistaken. In contrast with both Regan and Singer’s views, Carl Cohen gives us strong evidences to demonstrate his standpoints why animals have no rights. He claims rights only exists within a community of moral agents who can make moral claims against each other and just human can exercise moral judgment. He thinks we must at least treat animals humanely, but this does not mean we need to treat them as if they have rights. He also compared the differences between animals with brain damaged persons, senile or young in terms of the ability to make claim which is essential to being a person. That’s why these people are still part of our moral community, but animals are not. Moreover, he strongly supports to the increasing in the use of animals for medical experiments. He agrees that we actually need to increase the number experiments to avoid risking human lives because the increase in longevity , decrease in pain , the significant numbers of lives saved , the quality of human life all depends on such those research or experiments.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Battle of Pydna in the Third Macedonian War

Battle of Pydna in the Third Macedonian War Battle of Pydna - Conflict Date: The Battle of Pydna is believed to have been fought on June 22, 168 BC and was part of the Third Macedonian War. Armies Commanders: Romans Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus38,000 men Macedonians Perseus of Macedon44,000 men Battle of Pydna - Background: In 171 BC, after several inflammatory acts on the part of King Perseus of Macedon, the Roman Republic declared war. During the conflicts opening days, Rome won a series of minor victories as Perseus refused to commit the bulk of his forces in battle. Later that year, he reversed this trend and defeated the Romans at the Battle of Callicinus. After the Romans refused a peace initiative from Perseus, the war settled into a stalemate as they were unable to find an effective way to invade Macedon. Establishing himself in a strong position near the River Elpeus, Perseus awaited the Romans next move. Battle of Pydna - The Romans Move: In 168 BC, Lucius Aemilius Paullus began moving against Perseus. Recognizing the strength of the Macedonian position, he dispatched 8,350 men under Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica with orders to march towards the coast. A feint intended to mislead Perseus, Scipios men turned south and crossed the mountains in an effort to attack the Macedonian rear. Alerted to this by a Roman deserter, Perseus sent a 12,000-man blocking force under Milo to oppose Scipio. In the battle that followed, Milo was defeated and Perseus was forced to move his army north to the village of Katerini, just south of Pydna. Battle of Pydna - The Armies Form: Reuniting, the Romans pursued the enemy and found them on June 21 formed for battle on a plain near the village. With his men tired from the march, Paullus declined to give battle and made camp in the nearby foothills of Mount Olocrus. The next morning Paullus deployed his men with his two legions in the center and other allied infantry on the flanks. His cavalry was posted on the wings at each end of the line. Perseus formed his men in a similar fashion with his phalanx in the center, light infantry on the flanks, and cavalry on the wings. Perseus personally commanded the cavalry on the right. Battle of Pydna - Perseus Beaten: Around 3:00 PM, the Macedonians advanced. The Romans, unable to cut through the long spears and tight formation of the phalanx, were pushed back. As the battle moved into the uneven terrain of the foothills, the Macedonian formation began to break down allowing the Roman legionaries to exploit the gaps. Surging into the Macedonian lines and fighting at close quarters, the Romans swords proved devastating against the lightly armed phalangites. As the Macedonian formation began to collapse, the Romans pressed their advantage. Paullus center was soon reinforced by troops from the Roman right which had successfully driven off the Macedonian left. Striking hard, the Romans soon put Perseus center to rout. With his men breaking, Perseus elected to flee the field having not committed the bulk of his cavalry. He was later accused of cowardice by those Macedonians who survived the battle. On the field, his elite 3,000-strong Guard fought to the death. All told, the battle lasted less than an hour. Having achieved victory, Roman forces pursued the retreating enemy until nightfall. Battle of Pydna - Aftermath: Like many battles from this period, exact casualties for the Battle of Pydna are not known. Sources indicate that the Macedonians lost around 25,000, while Roman casualties were over 1,000.  The battle is also seen as a triumph of the legions tactical flexibility over the more rigid phalanx. While the Battle of Pydna did not end the Third Macedonian War, it effectively broke the back of Macedonian power. Shortly after the battle, Perseus surrendered to Paulus and was taken to Rome where he was paraded during a triumph before being imprisoned. Following the war, Macedon effectively ceased to exist as an independent nation and the kingdom was dissolved.   It was replaced by four republics which were effectively client states of Rome.   Less than twenty years later, the region would formally become a province of Rome following the Fourth Macedonian War. Selected Sources Third Macedonian WarBattle of PydnaHistory of War: Battle of Pydna

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme

Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme Writing memoir: Tips for Finding Your Memoir’s Theme - By Julia Scheeres Julia ScheeresA few months ago, we had an interesting piece on our blog from our Reedsy editor and advisor Rebecca Heyman  on why authors should think twice before writing a "memoir". We believe that in a subjective industry like this one, it's important to showcase a variety of opinions. So when we interviewed narrative non-fiction author Julia Scheeres a few weeks ago, we asked her if she would contribute a blog post on writing memoir.  Julia is the bestselling author of Jesus Land  and one of our best memoir editors on Reedsy.  She luckily  accepted our  offer, and  leaves  us with some great nuggets of wisdom on finding your memoir's theme. Memoir authors, this is for you.My students often look stricken when I ask them this question:â€Å"What’s your memoir about?†I don’t blame them – I also struggled with this question, even after my memoir was published. During dozens of radio interviews about Jesus Land, the host - who frequently di dn’t have time to read my book – would bluntly ask: â€Å"So, what’s your book about?† and expect a zippy answer. I so dreaded that question. How was I supposed to reduce a 350-page book down to a single sentence or word?â€Å"What’s your memoir about?† is also a confusing question because it can be answered two ways. The asker may merely want to know the general plot, or story arc, of your book, which you probably had figured out a long time ago. But she’s also usually curious about something deeper - the emotional story you’re trying to convey. Not just the what, but the why.It was only in honing my sound bytes for radio interviews that I understood what my theme was. â€Å"Jesus Land is about the unbreakable bond between a brother and sister.† That’s the emotional story. The longer version hints at the plot: â€Å"Jesus Land is about the unbreakable bond between a brother and a sister raised in a hostile envi ronment.†Like me, you may not be able to put your theme into words until after several drafts of your book. But if you’re able to sort it out beforehand, you’ll waste a lot less time with superfluous events and characters. Most memoirs are essentially survival stories. The author survives an ordeal - a harsh childhood, cancer, alcoholism, divorce, a loved one’s death, kidnapping, a plane crash - and lives to tell the tale. The theme therefore conveys something the author learned by enduring the experience: inner peace, resilience, empathy.Examples of famous memoirs' themes:Some memoirs are easier to categorize than others.Mary Karr’s third memoir, Lit, for example, is about battling alcoholism with prayer;Wasted is about Marya Hornbacher’s struggle to overcome a nearly-fatal eating disorder;Tracy Ross sums up the theme in The Source of All Things, which details her painful relationship with her stepfather, in a single word: forgiveness.Having an identifiable theme gives your memoir universal appeal. Readers who’ve likewise struggled to overcome a hardship will relate to your book and want to read it, feeling they share a commonality with you and may learn something about c oping from your experience. And readers who’ve had the Hallmark card version of life will also read it to broaden their worldview and experience some vicarious drama.Writing memoirs: tips for finding your memoir’s theme:Tell someone your story. Note which parts arouse their curiosity and the questions they ask. The more you talk about your memoir, the clearer your theme will become in your mind.Think about how you were changed by your experiences. You start your memoir at point A and end up at point Z. What did you learn between those two points?Ask yourself, â€Å"why am I writing this book?† or â€Å"what do I want to say?† Lodge these queries in the back of your mind. The answers may come when you least expect them, such as at 5 a.m. or when you’re doing laps in the pool - moments when you’re relaxed and undistracted.Consult someone who knows your story well. Ask them what they think are the most moving/ dramatic parts of your experience and why. As memoirists, sometimes we can be so close to our material that we become myopic - we can’t see the bigger picture or recurring threads that weave through our work. You may hear them say something like, â€Å"how did you survive xyz?† or â€Å"you were really abandoned as a child† - comments that could help you articulate your theme.Write down the major events of your life and see if there is some connection between them. In doing so, you may well find the beats of your story. You may find it takes several drafts before your true theme emerges. (Hint: it’s hidden in the events that you find yourself obsessing over the most, or that place where your deepest shame resides). When you figure it out, you’ll be able to slice off the flab – all the digressions and superfluous material that bogs your narrative down.For me, it took several rewrites to figure out what Jesus Land was really about. I narrowed down my material to my dramatic teenage years. But I didn’t know which aspects of those years to focus on - moving to the countryside, my strict Christian household, the seething racism of rural Indiana, trying to fit in at a new school or being sent to a reformatory with my brother David. As I wrote, I kept coming back to David - my adopted black brother. My parents adopted David when he was 3 and I was a few months older. I gradually realized my relationship with David should be my â€Å"through line,† or the one constant ag ainst which all the other elements (racism, religion, abuse) unfolded.Once this became clear, I was able to go through my pages and cut out the extraneous details that watered down the book’s central focus (such a long sections involving my high school boyfriend or various cliques). The result, I believe, is a more powerful and poignant book.Narrative nonfiction must have a focused, deliberate arc and structure. As a memoirist, it’s your job to impose order and meaning on the chaos of life. That’s the art of writing memoir.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Lasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lasting - Essay Example â€Å"Lost Your Head Blues† is a blues song popularized by Bessie Smith in 1926. It is composed in an AAB format, characteristic for blues songs. This song is written based on a â€Å"vaudeville† or solo stage performance, which is very common during the 1920s. The songs talks about painful relationships and difficult circumstances. The song reflects the typical musical taste and genre of the African American population and heritage. â€Å"Lost Your Head Blues† uses only three instruments: piano, vocals, and trumpet. Most blues songs are composed or played using these musical instruments because during the vaudeville times or stage style blues period, these instruments are nearly ubiquitous because of the rise of the ragtime music in the 1920s. The song starts with an introduction of a trumpet with an accompanying piano that combines with the singer’s voice. The trumpet makes some bending of tones and melodic layback. On the other hand, â€Å"Erlkonig† is typically sung or played using vocals or piano or both as it was originally adapted, particularly by Franz Schubert. Nevertheless, nowadays, this song is performed in a concerto-style performance with a soloist, usually a soprano, accompanied by a symphony

Friday, November 1, 2019

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Research Paper - 1

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations - Research Paper Example Lou and Jose have planned to open a sports bar and restaurant, but they seem to have insufficient funds to support their business plan. Miriam, an investor, wants to provide capital to start the business on a partnership basis but has no time to participate in the day to day affairs of business. Lou and Jose have the option of either to accept the proposal of Miriam or to take loans from other institutions as they are short of fund. It can be stated in this respect that it will be profitable for Lou and Jose to accept the proposal of Miriam which would facilitate the sufficiency of the fund in return of a certain percentage of ownership, thus reducing the debt as well as interest rate risks. However, it is worth mentioning that prior to launching a business as a partnership concern, legal agreements should be signed explicitly documenting the rights and liabilities of each member. The other most important criteria in the bar and restaurant business are to acquire the license to serve alcoholic beverages to the customers. In addition to the alcohol supplying license, the entity should also acquire entertainment license from the local government which includes the permit to broadcast sporting shows on large television screens along with facilitating live amusement activities and dance performances. Since the business requires heavy investment in furniture, dà ©cors, and other types of equipment, necessary investments should be made in terms of insurances so as to avoid any risk related to these factors.

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Childhood Obesity in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Childhood Obesity in America - Essay Example To encourage healthy lifestyles among the American children, there is a need to have collaboration between parents and the education system to encourage healthy lifestyle among children though physical education and healthy diets in addition to the government introducing regulations on marketing of food meant for children consumption. Parents are the greatest contributors in childhood obesity due to their failure to control their children’s eating habits and engagement in physical activities. According to Parizkova and Hills, parents in modern US society have a tendency to prefer eating fast food in restaurants to cooking food at home while also allowing too much television watching by encouraging practices such as having bedroom televisions (396). It is important that parents encourage a healthy lifestyle for their children by cooking for them healthy meals at home. Cooking at home will ensure parents serve their children a balanced diet in addition to having enough portions per sitting. Additionally, limiting the number of hours children spent watching television will encourage other pass time activities such as outdoor games that are more physically engaging. Some people argue that parents can still acquire healthy meals in the restaurants by asking for healthy portions. Although this is partly true, pa rents can exercise more control over what their children consume by taking part in choosing ingredients as well as the process of cooking meals when it is done at home as opposed to in a restaurant. Therefore, preparing food at home becomes the best option when parents want their children to have a balance diet. The high level of childhood obesity in the US is not only as a result of a failure by parents to control the lifestyle of their children, it is also a failure of the education system to teach them about healthy living. Wicks-Nelson and Israel (383) reports

Monday, October 28, 2019

Why College Students in Metro Manila Take Up Part-Time Jobs Essay Example for Free

Why College Students in Metro Manila Take Up Part-Time Jobs Essay A part-time job is a form of labour where in one works fewer hours per week than that of someone who works at a full time job. Those who have part-time jobs work for less than thirty to thirty-five hours a week. May it be capable, post-graduate adults or under-aged students, the amount of people with part time jobs have increased over the past 20 years in most developed countries. â€Å"There are many reasons for working part time, including the desire to do so, having ones hours cut back by an employer and being unable to find a full-time job. † [] Many students work part time jobs to supply themselves with additional funds. Working part-time is ideal for students, since it allows them to balance their academic needs with their school needs. This is one of the things some students in High School look forward to when they graduate and step up to college, to have freedom and a preview of the world that is waiting for them once they graduate. They want a peek of the â€Å"real world† as some say, which is the world of adults, the working world. Though some are forced to go through with this as their economic status demands it, there are still many advantages when it comes to taking up part-time jobs. Collegiate students are given a bigger work load than any other department but many still go through with it despite their amount of tasks. It is because for many hardworking students, like ones who had graduated with many honours, it looks good on a resume. The employers usually see this as a good thing for they know that their candidate for employment can handle a large amount of work properly. With a good looking resume, it would not be that hard to get a job. Moreover, parents would like to give their children a sense of responsibility in which they tell their children to apply for part time jobs so as to let them experience what it feels like to have their own money to budget. Statement of the Problem This study aims to analyze the reasons why college students take up part time  jobs and how they manage their time. In a more detailed manner, it is to answer the following questions: 1. What are the reasons college students take up part time jobs? a. Is it an absolute necessity? 2. How much do they earn per week? 3. On what do they spend their money on? 4. Do they give part of their payment to their parents? a. How many percent? 5. Are they able to manage their time? a. How many hours a day do they work? b. Do they have other activities/responsibilities? 6. What motivates them to keep working? a. Who gave them the idea of applying for their jobs they have? 7. How long have they been working? Scope and Limitations The topic is about collegiate students with part time jobs. The study will be conducted to know how students of different schools in the collegiate department juggle their studies with part time jobs. The study will tell about how they cope with the sudden change in their habits and their time management. The study will also tackle the reasons why they took up their current jobs, if the job is a necessity or if it is of their own desire. The study is time pressured. The time to work on the study is seven months. The respondents will be various students of a few different colleges around the Cavite and Metro Manila area, School Year 2012-2013, who have a job that requires them to work for less than 39 hours a week. Significance of the Study The study is important to many current and upcoming fourth year students who are planning to take up a part time job in their collegiate years. It would help them to further understand the advantages and disadvantages of what they are hoping to get themselves into. This research will help them be sure of what they want. This would also help them find a way to manage their time once they are there. The study would also help the students already in college. It would help those with part time jobs feel easier knowing other people go through the same things they do. The study will also help them manage their time better. It would also help those collegiate students who do not have jobs. It would give them a better view. The study will give them a good, first person point of view insight. Furthermore, this study would also help teachers and parents to understand the stress and pressure the collegiate students with part time jobs go through. This study will open doors for them to be able to create a stronger family bond. Research Design 8. What are the reasons college students take up part time jobs? 9. How much do they earn per week? 10. On what do they spend their money on? 11. Do they give part of their payment to their parents? 12. Are they able to manage their time? 13. What motivates them to keep working? 14. How long have they been working? Input Process 1. To analyze and assess the effects of part time jobs to collegiate students 2. Gathering data by means of handing questionnaires to the respondents. 3. Output 1. Learning how collegiate students with part time jobs cope up with their studies 2. Warning those who plan to take up part time jobs if they are not ready for it 3. Encouraging readers of the study to take the  challenge of having a part time job once they are ready Fig. 1 – Analysis of the Reasons Why College Students Take Up Part Time Jobs and How They Manage Their Time Definition of terms 1. College- is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. 2. Part time job- is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job. 3. Job- a regular activity performed in exchange for payment. 4. Student- is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. 5. Economy- consists of the economic systems of a country or other area; the labour, capital, and land resources; and the manufacturing, production, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. 6. Time management- is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. 7. Budget- is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving, borrowing and spending. 8. High school- is a term for education system used in parts of the English-speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education, but not always the highest years of basic education, which can be called a secondary school or secondary college or other terms, depending on the nation or region. 9. Teenager- is a young person whose age is between thirteen and nineteen. 10. Labour- productive activity, especially for the sake of economic gain. 11. Responsibility- the state or fact of being responsible. 12. Adult- a person who is fully grown or developed or of age. 13. Pressure- the exertion of force upon a surface by an object. 14. Graduate- a person who has received a degree or diploma on completing a course of study, as in a university, college or school. 15.Employer- is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. 16. Employee- contributes labour and expertise to an endeavour of an employer and is usually hired to perform specific duties which are packaged into a job. 17. Motivation- is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directed behaviours. 18. Respondent- is a person who is called upon to issue a response to a communication made by another. 19. Stress- A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences and capable of affecting physical health, usually characterized by increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, muscular tension, irritability, and depression. 20. School- is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or pupils) under the direction of teachers.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

What is Philosophy? :: essays research papers

What is Philosophy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that Philosophy is the study of different ways of thinking. In philosophy, you should question everything and never take anything for face value. There are always two sides to every coin as there are different ways of looking at things, is what philosophy teaches us. In philosophy, you must throw off all the limitations you have set on yourself when dealing with how you view things and how things seem to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reality is a big topic of discussion in philosophy. How you view things may not be how they really are. A schitzophrenicÕs reality is different from the reality of a Ã’saneÓ persons. Therefore I deem reality to be based on experiences, and perceptions. Something you deem to be wrong may be the same thing your friend deems to be right. So does this mean that there really is no one true reality?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Philosophy, we learn that it is okay to doubt things that occur in our lives. It is not only okay but it is a natural response to something you are unclear or uncertain about. Sometimes, though, the build-up of doubt becomes too much for someone to handle so they become suicidal or just give up trying to think about it all together. When this happens, there is a tendency to become cynical, and this is a tragedy because then you feel like nothing is really worth trying to figure out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most of philosophy deals with the Ã’selfÓ. People are always trying to find out who they are; why theyÕre here; or how things relate to them. All of our lives are spent on a road of self discovery, seeing what the world has to offer us, and where our place really is. If we were to actually look closely, we would see that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  page 2 we knew who we were all along, we just didnÕt realize it.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Martin Luther ; Henry VIII

The Catholic Church has begun to sell indulgences, a way to pay off sins to reduce time in purgatory, to raise money. A monk who is outraged by the pope tricking innocent worshipers into falling for his trap writes down a list of 95 reasons why the church has become corrupt by the light of a scroll and furiously hammers them to the door ofa German church. Meanwhile in England, a king is denied an annulment to his marriage.In a fit of anger, he removes the church's uthority and writes up his own religion for his land and people, with himself as to rule. A monk and a king; Martin Luther and King Henry VIII; two souls of polar opposites who broadened Europe's worldviews of religion with their gifts of Protestantism and the Anglican Church. Martin Luther, born in Germany in 1483, was a man of logic: he studied law, as guided by his father, but longed to learn about religion. One night in 1505, he was caught in a horrid lightning storm. He prayed to God, promising to become a monk if he l eft this storm alive and unharmed.He followed his word and taught peacefully. However, in 1 516, one of the catholic pope's commissioners was sent to Germany to sell and collect indulgences. This angered Luther because many of his people stopped attending church services, believing that since they had paid off indulgences, they had no need to ask forgiveness within the pews. He thought that since they would do this that they instead would spend more of an eternity in purgatory. On October 31, 1517, he began to write the 95 Theses, a list of reasons why the Catholic Church was corrupt in their intentions.He posted these onto the oor of his church with the intended audience to Just be the priest and a few others. However, because of the invention of the Printing Press, copies of Luther's works were printed and spread across Germany- eventually Europe and into the hands of the pope. People related to Luther's thoughts and this began Protestantism. Luther's journey wasn't over for him y et, though. After numerous warnings from the pope to take back what he had said, Pope Leo X excommunicated him in 1920. In 1521, Luther was called by a council of people, known as the Diet of Worms, for him to be tried as heretic.When he continued to stand by his word, he was declared an outlaw and went into hiding once returning to Germany. Meanwhile across the pond, Henry VIII had problems of his own. After taking the throne and marrying his brother's wife, he had the dilemma of being unable to have a son produced between them. Henry turned to the Pope for a marriage annulment, but was denied ofa divorce. Henry didn't want to hear ‘no' for an answer, so he called forth the Reformation Parliament to declare England to be no longer under the control of the Pope.The Acts of Parliament closed down the monasteries and put Henry in charge of the church, which was known as the Anglican Church. Out of his took the throne, Protestantism began to take root. It was not until when Henry s daughter, Mary, took the throne that England was returned to the Pope's authority. Luther never wanted to start a war against the church; he Just wanted them to let him and his beliefs in. In contrast, Henry wanted to show the church that he had the power and could do what he wanted.Henry desired to have a new church to control or his desires while Luther only wanted to help change the church (though this did not go in his favor). The Protestant Reformation combined both Luther and Henry VIII's works as well as other scholars. In the end, Europe, and even the world, would never be the same if it weren't for Martin Luther and Henry VIII making adaptions on their own. Without the Catholic Church putting up the walls for Henry or tainting the public to Luther, we would never have such diffusion between religions and cultures to add variety to our ancestors' everyday lives and ours.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Journal on Chapter One of Al Gore’s “The Assault on Reason” Essay

In the first chapter titled Politics of Fear of Al Gore’s Book, â€Å"The Assault on Reason,† the author basically dealt with one of the most prominent human emotions— fear. According to Gore, fear is the prime enemy of reason. When a person experiences fear of something or someone, his or her reasoning ability is shut down. In addition, Gore claims that fear also clouds a person’s judgment as it drives him or her to act recklessly or irrationally without considering all options available. Furthermore, Gore also pointed out in his book that fear does not only affect a single individual, but an entire nation as well. According to him, a nation crippled by fear is unable to act towards development and progress because it does not do anything to overcome that fear. On the other hand, based on Gore’s book, when a person views fear as a form of motivation for him or her, he or she would eventually act to overcome that fear and accomplish his or her goal. Generally, I agree with most of the arguments that Gore pointed out in the first chapter of his book, particularly on the areas where he related fear to politics. I believe that Gore was right in saying that there are times when people fail to distinguish between the illusionary fears and the legitimate or real ones. When this happens, people may find it extremely difficult to think rationally and plan their next move because their judgment is clouded and they are unable to listen to reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, I also believe that Gore was correct when he claimed that the present administration in the United States as used the people’s fear, which spawned after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, to manipulate various political processes and made people believe that   all Iraqi’s were the one’s responsible for the attacks. For me, I believe that it is wrong to think all Iraqis or Muslims are terrorists simply because their fellowmen may have committed heinous crimes. I believe this is the best example of the fear that has been plaguing US citizens since the 9/11 attacks. I also believe that the nation should first identify which fear is legitimate and which is not before exercising judgment.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

History of Feral Rabbits in Australia

History of Feral Rabbits in Australia Rabbits are an invasive species that has caused immense ecological devastation to the continent of Australia for over 150 years. They procreate with uncontrollable velocity, consume cropland like locusts, and contribute significantly to soil erosion. Although some of the governments rabbit eradication methods have been successful in controlling their spread, the overall rabbit population in Australia is still well beyond sustainable means. History of Rabbits in Australia In 1859, a man named Thomas Austin, a landowner in Winchelsea, Victoria imported 24 wild rabbits from England and released them into the wild for sport hunting. Within a number of years, those 24 rabbits multiplied into millions. By the 1920s, less than 70 years since its introduction, the rabbit population in Australia ballooned to an estimated 10 billion, reproducing at a rate of 18 to 30 per single female rabbit per year. The rabbits started to migrate across Australia at a rate of 80 miles a year. After destroying two million acres of Victorias floral lands, they traversed across the states of New South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland. By 1890, rabbits were spotted all the way in Western Australia. Australia is an ideal location for the prolific rabbit. The winters are mild, so they are able to breed nearly year-round. There is an abundance of land with limited industrial development. Natural low vegetation provides them with shelter and food, and years of geographic isolation has left the continent with no natural predator for this new invasive species. Currently, the rabbit inhabits around 2.5 million square miles of Australia with an estimated population of over 200 million. Feral Australian Rabbits as Ecological Problem Despite its size, much of Australia is arid and not fully fit for agriculture. What fertile soil the continent has is now threatened by the rabbit. Excessive grazing by the rabbit has diminished vegetative cover, allowing wind to erode away top soil. Soil erosion affects revegetation and water absorption. Land with limited top soil can also lead to agricultural run-off and increased salinity. The livestock industry in Australia has been widely affected by the rabbit. As food yields decrease, so does the cattle and sheep population. To compensate, many farmers extend their livestock range and diet, farming a wider expanse of the land and thus further contributing to the problem. The agricultural industry in Australia has lost billions of dollars from the direct and indirect effects of the rabbit infestation. The introduction of the rabbit has also strained the native wildlife of Australia. Rabbits have been blamed for the destruction of the eremophila plant and various species of trees. Because rabbits will feed on seedlings, many trees are never able to reproduce, leading to local extinction. Additionally, due to direct competition for food and habitat, the population of many native animals such as the greater bilby and the pig-footed bandicoot has declined dramatically. Feral Rabbit Control Measures For much of the 19th century, the most common methods of feral rabbit control have been trapping and shooting. But between 1901 and 1907, the Australian government went with a national approach by building three rabbit-proof fences to protect the pastoral lands of Western Australia. The first fence stretched 1,138 miles vertically down the entire western side of the continent, starting from a point near Cape Keravdren in the north and ending in Starvation Harbor in the south. It is considered to be the worlds longest continuous standing fence. The second fence was built roughly parallel to the first, 55 - 100 miles further west, branching off from the original to the southern coast, stretching 724 miles. The final fence extends 160 miles horizontally from the second to the western coast of the country. Despite the enormity of the project, the fence was deemed unsuccessful, since many rabbits traversed over to the protected side during the construction period. Additionally, many have dug their way through the fence, as well. The Australian government also experimented with biological methods to control the feral rabbit population. In 1950, mosquitoes and fleas carrying the myxoma virus were released into the wild. This virus, found in South America, only affects rabbits. The release was highly successful, as an estimated 90-99 percent of the rabbit population in Australia was wiped out. Unfortunately, because mosquitoes and fleas do not typically inhabit arid areas, many of the rabbits living in the continents interior were not affected. A small percentage of the population also developed a natural genetic immunity to the virus and they continued to reproduce. Today, only about 40 percent of rabbits are still susceptible to this disease. To combat the reduced effectiveness of myxoma, flies carrying a rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), was released in Australia in 1995. Unlike myxoma, RHD is able to infiltrate the arid areas. The disease helped reduced rabbit populations by 90 percent in arid zones. However, like myxomatosis, RHD is still limited by geography. Since its host is a fly, this disease has very little impact on the cooler, higher rainfall regions of coastal Australia where flies are less prevalent. Moreover, rabbits are beginning to develop resistance to this disease, as well. Today, many farmers still use conventional means of eradicating rabbits from their land. Although the rabbit population is a fraction of what it was in the early 1920s, it continues to burden the countrys eco- and agricultural systems. They have lived on Australia for over 150-years and until a perfect virus can be found, theyll probably be there for several hundred more. References Australia Government: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2011, May 27). Feral Animals in Australia. Retrieved from: environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/feral-animals-australiaABC Science (2009, April 09). Australias battle with the bunny. Retrieved from: abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/04/08/2538860.htmBroomhall, F.H. The Longest Fence in the World. Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press, 1991

Monday, October 21, 2019

Deluca Surname Meaning and Origin

Deluca Surname Meaning and Origin Deluca, or De Luca, is a patronymic surname meaning son of Luca. The given name Luca is the Italian version of Luke, from the Greek name  Loukas  meaning from Lucania, an ancient district of southern Italy. This area is primarily encompassed today by the  modern region of the Basilicata. Alternate Surname Spellings:  DI LUCA, DILUCA, LUCA, DE LUCA, DELUCCA Surname Origin:  Italian Famous People With the Surname DELUCA or DE LUCA Gianni  De Luca - Italian comic book artist and illustratorFrancesca De Luca - London-born actress of Italian originsLuigi De Luca - well-known artist model; great-grandfather of Francesca De LucaGiuseppe De Luca - Italian baritone opera singerFred DeLuca - co-founder of Subway sandwich shops Where Do People With the DELUCA Surname Live? According to the surname distribution data at  Forebears, the DeLuca surname is most frequently found in the United States, while the de Luca spelling is much more common in Italy, where it ranks 19th in the nation. WorldNames Public Profiler identifies de Luca as being most common throughout southern Italy, especially in the regions of Calabria and Campania. The DeLuca spelling is also found in Italy, but is much less common. It is found most frequently in Northwest Territories, Canada, as well as the American New England states. Genealogy Resources for the Surname DELUCA Meanings of Common Italian SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Italian last name with this free guide to Italian surname meanings and origins for the most common Italian surnames. How to Research Italian AncestorsGet started researching your Italian roots with this guide to researching Italian ancestors in Italy. Deluca Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Deluca family crest or coat of arms for the Deluca surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. DELUCA Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Deluca surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Deluca query. FamilySearch - DELUCA GenealogyAccess over 500,000 free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Deluca surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Deluca RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Deluca surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. DistantCousin.com - DELUCA Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Deluca. The Deluca Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Deluca from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Whats a Good PSAT Score for 2015

What's a Good PSAT Score for 2015 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With all the scoring changes on the redesigned College Board exams, what counts as a "good score" on the PSAT these days? There are a few factorsyou can use to define what's good: score percentiles, National Merit criteria, andyour own personal goals for the PSAT and the SAT. First, it's critical to understand how the PSAT is scored. This guide will review the scoring scale of the PSAT, along with National Merit Scholarship Corporation's Selection Index, so you know what counts as a goodPSAT score. To start off, let’s go over a few key PSAT terms that will help you understand the rest of this guide. PSAT Scoring Terms: A Glossary Before examiningthe scoring scale of the PSAT, let’s review a few important terms: scaled scores, section (or test) scores, raw scores, subscores, and National Merit Selection Index. By understanding the difference between these terms and how they relate to one another, you’ll have a clearer understanding of the rest of this articleas wefigure out what makes for a â€Å"good† score on the PSAT. Scaled scores: your overall PSAT scores, which fall between 320 and 1520. Math accounts for half of this score (160-760), and the Reading section and Writing and Language section account for the other half together (160-760). Section (or test) scores: your scores by section, which fall between 8 and 38. You’ll get three section scores, one for Math, one for Reading, and one for Writing and Language. Raw scores: the number of correct answers by section. Your maximum potential raw scores varyby section. Subscores:seven scores between 1 and 15 that tell you how you did on certain types of questions. The questions fall into these seven categories:Command of Evidence, Words in Context, Expression of Ideas, Standard English Conventions, Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math. National Merit Selection Index: the scale used by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation to determine eligibility for Commended Scholar and Semifinalist. The Selection Index for the PSAT will fall between 48and 228. As you can see,you’ll get a lot of different scoreson your PSAT score report. Now that you have a preliminary sense of these terms, let’s look in more detail at how the PSAT scoring system works. How Is the PSAT Scored? As you read above, the PSAT has aminimum possible score of 320 and a maximum of 1520. Both the low and high end of this range are shifted about 80 points lower than the scoring scale of the SAT, to account for the fact that the PSAT is a somewhat easier test. Math isscored from 160 to 760, and Reading and Writing (technically called Writing and Language) isscored together from 160 to 760. Math makes up half the total score while the Reading and Writing sections will make up the other half together. You can think of the PSAT as half math and half verbal. While your final score will lump Reading and Writing together, you'll get a chance to see your performance on each the three separatesections. In addition to your overall scaled scores, you’ll get three section scores - one for Math, one for Reading, and one for Writing, that fall between 8 and 38. These numbers may feel a little random, but it’s actually pretty easy to convert from your section score to your scaled score. To get your math scaled score, just multiply your section score by 20. To get your Reading and Writing scaled score, add your section scores together and then multiply by 10. This chart gives you one hypothetical example of a student who got section scores of 28, 32, and 34 on Reading, Writing and Language, and Math, respectively: Test Test Score Section Score Total Score Reading 28 (28 + 32) * 10 = 600 600 + 680 = 1280 Writing and Language 32 Math 34 34 * 20 = 680 At the risk of making things more confusing, I'll quickly add that your score report shouldalso tell you your â€Å"raw score,† which is simply one point for each correct answer. Since there are 47 questions on Reading, you could get a max raw score of 47. On Math there are 48 questions, so you could get a max raw score of 48. Finally, on Writing, there are 44 questions, so you could get a max raw score of - you guessed it - 44. Again, your raw score simply reflects the number of questions you answered correctly. Then that raw score is converted to a section score and, finally, your scaled scores. Now that you have a sense of the PSAT’s scoring system, let’s consider our original question: what isa good PSAT score? What Makes for a Good PSAT Score? There are a few ways we can define â€Å"good.† First, we can look at the scores that rank in a high percentile compared to the scores of other test-takers. Second, we can look at what scores qualify for National Merit distinction and scholarships. And third, we can look at what your PSAT scores predict for your performance on the SAT. Let's start by reviewing how percentiles work and how you can predictthe strength of your PSAT scores. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: What Are PSAT Percentiles? Once you get your scores back, you'll see the different values described above - your raw scores, your section scores, and your scaled scores. Additionally, your score report will tell you your percentiles. Your score report will tell you two percentiles: the Nationally Representative Sample percentile and the User Percentile. Your Nationally Representative Sample percentile may look higher, since it confusingly includes projections for all students in a grade, even those who typically don'tthe PSAT. It seems that your User percentile will be the most reliable piece of data, since it only includes students whoare actually very likely to takethe PSAT. Therefore, the chart below gives you User percentiles, or for how your PSAT scores compare to other students in your grade who took the test. So how do percentiles work? They simply tell you the percentage of students compared to which you scored higher or the same. If your scaled scores land in the 80th percentile, for example, then you scored the same as or higher than 80% of other test-takers. The other 20% scored higher than you. Students' performance varieson Math, Reading, and Writing, so a score of 600 on Math, for example, may translate to a different percentile than the same score on Reading and Writing. Readon to see how scores from the new PSAT are expected to convert to User Percentiles. What PSAT Scores Will Rank in a High Percentile? This chart has the full list converting PSAT/NMSQT scaled scores to percentiles.This information is sourced fromCollege Board's dataon the PSAT administered in October 2015. As you read through the chart, notice thatyou don't have to have a perfect scaled score to make it into the top 99%. This is important if you're aiming for National Merit - you don't have to get a perfect score to make it into the top 1%. Score Reading and Writing Math 760 99+ 99+ 750 99+ 99+ 740 99+ 99 730 99+ 98 720 99 98 710 99 97 700 99 97 690 98 96 680 98 96 670 97 95 660 96 94 650 95 93 640 94 93 630 92 92 620 91 90 610 89 89 600 86 88 590 84 86 580 82 83 570 79 80 560 77 78 550 74 74 540 71 70 530 67 66 520 63 61 510 59 59 500 54 55 490 50 50 480 47 45 470 43 39 460 39 36 450 35 33 440 32 27 430 28 23 420 25 19 410 23 16 400 21 14 390 18 11 380 15 8 370 11 6 360 9 5 350 7 4 340 5 3 330 4 1 320 2 1 310 1 1 300 1 1 290 1- 1 280 1- 1 270 1- 1 260 1- 1 250 1- 1 240 1- 1 230 1- 1- 220 1- 1- 210 1- 1- 200 1- 1- 190 1- 1- 180 1- 1- 170 1- 1- 160 1- 1- This conversion might vary a bit each year, and College Board's data on the new PSAT is still preliminary and subject to change. In previous years, the Math section was slightly more competitive than Reading and Writing. Similarly, math getsnoticeably more competitive as you look at the lowest scores, and you would need 30 to 40 points higher in Math than in Reading and Writing to score in the 99th percentile. For the most part, though, both sections look like the same scores convert to more or less the same percentiles.At a few levels, Reading and Writing looks to be even more competitive than Math.Let's take a closer look at these percentiles totry to answer our original question of what makes a good score on the PSAT. The higher percentage, the better. What's a Good PSAT Score Based on Percentiles? Based on the chart above, an average PSAT score, or one that's right in the middle in the 50th percentile, is about 490 for both Reading and Writing and for Math. We can define good as being not just above average, but also as stronger than a significantmajority of other test-takers. Given that definition, these are approximately the scaled scores you need in each section to score in the 70th, 80th, 90th, and 99th percentiles. Percentile Reading and Writing Score Math Score Composite Score 70% 540 540 1080 80% 580 570 1150 90% 620 620 1240 99% 700 740 1440 As you can see, both sections convert to roughly the same percentiles except when you approach the 99th percentile. Then you'd need to score about 40 points higher in Mathto make it into the top 1%. Apart from scoring higher than other students, you might define a good score as one that qualifies for National Merit. Let's take a look at what you need to qualify. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: The original National Merit Scholar. What's a Good PSAT Score for National Merit? The percentiles in the chart above compare students all across the U.S who typically take the PSAT. To determine whether you qualify for National Merit, though, you actually have to look at how your scores compare to those of other students in your state. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) compares scores on a state to state basis. It names the top 3 to 4% of students Commended Scholar. To be named a National Merit Semifinalist, you have to score at the very top. National Merit Semifinalist distinction is given to the top 1%. The important thing to remember about National Merit is that it uses its own Selection Index. Since the PSAT changed its scoring system this year, this new Selection Index differs from that used in previous years. Before scrolling down to the chart below, read this next section to make sure you understand thePSAT Selection Index of today. Important: NMSC'sNew Selection Index National Merit has always used its own Selection Index, or scoring scale, to determine Commended Scholars and Semifinalists. In past years, this Selection Index looked a lot like PSAT scaled scores, so you may not have noticed. This year, though, it looks quite a bit different, even though it’s calculated in a similar way. As you read above, the PSATlumps together the Reading and Writing sections in one final scaled score. National Merit, however, still wants to consider these two sections, Reading and Writing, separately. Therefore, NMSClooks at your section scores rather than at your scaled score. It takes your Math section score, Reading section score, and Writing section score - all of which fall between 8 and 38 - adds them together, and then multiplies by 2. The NMSC Selection Index hasa scale between 48 and228. Confused yet? Let's look at an example. The Breakdown: NMSC’s New Selection Index Where does NMSC get this scale of 48 to 228? Let’s say you got minimum scores of 8 on each of the three PSAT sections. You could figure out your Selection Index by adding 8 + 8 + 8 (= 24) and then multiplying by 2 (= 48). That’s the lowest end of the Selection Index scale. What about the max Selection Index score of 228? You could get that with top section scores of 38 in all three sections. 38 + 38 + 38 = 114. Multiply that by 2, and you get 228. Now you can see that the Selection Index isn’t as random as it might have looked at first glance - it just relies on your PSAT section scores between 8 and 38, rather than your PSAT scaled scores between 160 and 760.You can also see why we took the time to go over all these terms at the beginning of the article! Based on reported data from individuals around the country, we've put together a list of every Selection Index cutoff across the United States for the PSAT in 2015. If you see any error with your state, let us know in the comments! Here are the qualifying scores from the old PSAT (2014 and earlier) and the new PSAT (2015 and later). State OldPSAT Cutoff New PSAT Cutoff Alabama 207 215 Alaska 210 213 Arizona 213 219 Arkansas 206 213 California 222 221 Colorado 213 218 Connecticut 220 220 Delaware 215 218 District of Columbia 224 222 Florida 211 217 Georgia 215 219 Hawaii 214 217 Idaho 211 214 Illinois 215 219 Indiana 212 217 Iowa 207 215 Kansas 213 217 Kentucky 210 215 Louisiana 208 214 Maine 212 214 Maryland 221 221 Massachusetts 223 222 Michigan 210 216 Minnesota 215 219 Mississippi 207 212 Missouri 209 216 Montana 206 210 Nebraska 209 215 Nevada 208 214 New Hampshire 212 216 New Jersey 224 222 New Mexico 210 213 New York 218 219 North Carolina 212 218 North Dakota 201 209 Ohio 213 217 Oklahoma 206 213 Oregon 217 219 Pennsylvania 216 218 Rhode Island 212 217 South Carolina 209 215 South Dakota 203 209 Tennessee 212 218 Texas 218 220 Utah 208 215 Vermont 213 215 Virginia 219 221 Washington 219 220 West Virginia 201 209 Wisconsin 208 215 Wyoming 204 209 Average 212 216 As you can see,New Jersey, DC, andMassachusetts require some of the highest scores to qualify. The average qualifying scores for all states isa little lower at around 216. If you haven't taken the PSAT yet and areserious about achieving excellent scores, then I'd recommend aiming for at least 2 to 5 points higher than these cutoffs, as the actual qualifying scores can vary from year to year. How can you figure out your target section scores? By understanding where the new Selection Index comes from, you can take our estimate for your state and simply work backwards. Let’s consider a few examples. How to Calculate Your Target Scores for National Merit As you read above, National Merit will take each of your section scores between 8 and 38, add them together, and multiply by 2. To figure out your target scores by section, take these steps and go through them in reverse. First, divide your state’s cutoff qualifying score by 2. Let’s say you live in New Jersey, and your cutoff will be an estimated 222. Divide that in half and you get 111 (222 / 2 = 111). Now, your section scores in Math, Reading, and Writing should add up to 111. Divide 111 by 3 and you’re looking at a 37in each section: 111 / 3 = 37. You could define your target scores as about 37 in each section - or a little higher to be safe. If you’re more confident in Math, then you could aim for a top math section score of 38. Then you’d have slightlymore wiggle room in Reading and Writing. Depending on your strengths and weaknesses, you can setyour target scores in theoptimal way. To review, you can define your target section scores by dividing your state’s cutoff in half. Then divide by 3 to get a sense of what you need in each section of the PSAT. Customize your target section scores from there. Of course, only a small number of students are actually aiming to score in the top 1%. You may very well be deciding what's a good PSAT score based on your own goals for the test, as well as for the SAT and ultimately, college. Pause for your quintessential collegiate building. What's a Good PSAT Score for Your College Plans? Even if you're not competing for National Merit, the PSAT still matters and is an important test along the path to college. It's valuable practice for the SAT and can help predict your SAT scores. The redesigned exams are very similar, with matching content and format and comparable scoring systems. By doing some research into the colleges you're interested in, you can figure out what you need to score on the SAT. Simply Google the name of your school, along with "average SAT scores." Most schools release data on the average SAT scores of accepted students, so you have a sense of what you need to be a competitive candidate. Then you can use your PSAT scores to determine where you're currently scoring and how much more you need to improve. Based on your target scores and time you can commit to prep, you can design a schedule to prep and raise your scores. The following is a rough estimate of how many hours you need to devote to studying to achieve certain score improvements on the PSAT. 0-50 SAT composite point improvement: 10 hours 50-100 point improvement: 20 hours 100-200 point improvement: 40 hours 200-300 point improvement: 80 hours 300-500 point improvement: 150 hours+ Whether or notyou've already taken the SAT, your PSAT score is a useful starting pointto measure your level and figure out where you need to go from there. Then you can make a study schedule to get yourself where you want to be. Finally, these are the most important points to remember when you take the PSAT and determine whether or not you're satisfied with your scores. Key Points to Remember If youtookthe PSAT in October 2015, you were kind of a College Board guinea pig. 2015 wasthe first year featuring the redesigned PSAT with a new scoring scale and Selection Index.Remember that the PSAT is now scored between 320 and 1520, which is a composite of the Math section and the Reading and Writing sections together. To score in the 70th percentile or above, you want to aim for at least a 540in Reading and Writing and a 540 in Math (or a composite of 1080). To qualify for National Merit, you'll need something like an impressive Selection Index score of214, or a section score around 35 to 36 in Math, Reading, and Writing. The PSAT is a valuable benchmark that you can use to plan your studying for the SAT. Make sure to check your PSAT scores right away to see if you need to take any further steps, like for National Merit, and to move forward with your SAT prep. What's Next? For more on the changes that weremade to the PSAT in 2015, check out our complete PSAT guide. Then head on over to these free PSAT practice tests and other resources to prepare for the exam. Are you wondering what makes a good SAT score? This article breaks down the percentiles so you can see what exactly counts as a bad, good, and excellent score on the SAT. Besides the PSAT/NMSQT that qualifies for National Merit when you take it as a junior, College Board now also offers the PSAT to 8th, 9th, and 10th graders to prepare. Learn about the PSAT 8/9 and the PSAT 10 and how to decide between these tests and the regular PSAT. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: