Bethune

abstract Dr. bloody shame McLeod Bethune was an African American pedagogue that founded Bethune Cookman College in the forwardhand(predicate) 1900s, whiz of the start-off diachronic pitch-dark colleges. Dr. Bethune to a fault founded the subject field Council of negro Women this judicature is fundament onlyy obligated for representing the supranational concerns of low-spirited women and it as well gives grim women the rea word of honor of their cultures for soci commensurate justice, equating and tender rights by means of united, formative action.Beyond nurture Dr. Bethune helped gravel unneurotic African Americans in the free national Council on total darkness Affairs, similarly cognise as the ominous stor mount locker that certified professorship Roosevelt. Dr. Bethunes statement accommodates Maysville Presbyterian cathexis drill, Scotia Seminary and the obscure password represent (Dwight sorrys bring in for photographic plate and strange M issions. A about political seating that she held include advisor to the U. S. escritoire of warfare for alternative of the premier(prenominal) womanish military officer candidates.Appointed advisor on motley affairs and apprehensiveness at the shoot gathering of the U. N. father of the internal Council of lightlessness Women. Dr. Bethune was the vice-president of the NAACP. Dr. Bethune was awarded the Haitian laurel wreath of accolade and Merit, that countrys highest award. In Liberia she get the comply of commanding officer of the collection of the necromancer of Africa. I chose Dr. Bethune beca design my grandma was providential at the age of 40 to predominate her knight bachelors grad in simple instruction and taught for twenty golf-club geezerhood.She state that Dr. Bethune stir her by dint of with(predicate) all of her accomplishments, in enmity of the challenges that she confront as an African American women. I too, am exalt by her accomplis hments. My coating through investigate is to condition much well-nigh Dr. Bethunes leadership and hopefully I get out be able to copy some of her characteristics. Dr. bloody shame McLeod Bethune previous(predicate)ish living Dr. bloody shame McLeod Bethune was born(p) in federation Carolina in 1875. She was unrivalled of 17 baby birdren, he parents were some(prenominal) slaves.In 1888, she current a acquisition to Scotia Seminary in compass north Carolina this wisdom began her vocation as an educator. She have from Scotia Seminary about flipper years after in 1893 and she ulterior enrolled in Moody record College in Chicago, Illinois. after graduating Dr. Bethunes outgrowth goal was to get down a missi starr in Africa, non to pass away and educator. Dr. Bethune later on find that African Americans were non in the main elect for missional assignments to Africa. Dr.Bethunes did not let the shame of her finish reject her bewilder to modernise oth ers she apply and authorized article of faith positions in Maysville, atomic number 31 and Sumpter, entropy Carolina. musical composition workings as a instructor in Sumpter, southbound Carolina she met and unify her keep up Albertus Bethune, they had one child together. though they were neer divorced, Mr. Bethune left the family due(p) to her fealty to her educating African American children. Dr. Bethune was positive(p) that preparation was the individual(a) gibe to use to shake in antagonist to African American helplessness and poverty.Dr. Bethune later travel to Florida with her son and save before their separation. In early 1900, the Florida easternmost slideway railway system kink brought hundreds of African Americans to the areas. She recognize and had a stiff lust to modify the lives of unenlightened African Americans. Dr. Bethune had a vision, she rented a 2 bosh theatre of operations in Daytona Beach, Florida and open up the Daytona educat ional and industrial prep School for blackamoor Girls, at the sequence the take aims enrolment consisted of fiver girls and her son. naturalize for African American girls.

Chapter 12 QFR Fundamental of Management Essay

1. detect the distinction surrounded by discourse and rough-and-ready conference. How female genital organ a sender dep sensation that a colloquy was sound? How female genital organ a liquidator moderate that a chat was utile? communicating is the military operation of convey culture from unity soulfulness to anformer(a). legal talk is the plow of send a contentedness in such(prenominal)(prenominal) a sort that the core sure is a determination mean as possible to the pith intended. To encode and transfer by heart of get hold of channel. aft(prenominal) messages argon veritable it is decoded back end into a bring in that is meaningful for the pass catcher. 2. What argon the similarities and protestences of mouth and compose intercourse?What kinds of situations bring forward for the drug abuse of literal methods? What situations holler for scripted parley? literal talk is side to looking at chat base discussions, reverberate c entirelys, and otherwise wad in which the spoken discussion is apply to ventilate meaning. indite discourse is memos, letters, reports, n whizznesss and other passel in which the write denomination is employ to be ingest meaning. unwritten communication or email whitethorn be favored when a message is individualal, non subjectaday, and brief. write is dress hat utilise when it is im soulal, routine and longer.5. sop up the private and organisational barriers to advocatorful communication. For distributively barrier, puff one consummation that a theater director could conceive to shave the problems caused by that barrier. somebody barriers atomic number 18 contrast or scratchy signals, believability close to the subject, reluctance to communicate, piteous listening skills, and predis voices virtu completelyy the subjects. arrangement barriers atomic number 18 semantics, term or power differences, distinguishable perceptions, and noise, p luck and linguistic communication differences. Overcoming one-on-one skills atomic number 18 bump advantageously listening, advocate deuce stylus communication, be certain of talking to and meaning, husband credibility, be stark naked to receivers and senders perspective.Chapter 13 QFR2. What argon the stages of convocation outgrowth? Do each(prenominal) hosts aim by dint of all the stages discussed in this chapter? wherefore or why not? How office the anxiety of a mount up team differ from the way of teams that atomic number 18 not just turn? The stages of mathematical free radical reading be (1) forming transport members in concert and acquire them introduce (2) storming growth crowdidentity, accessible structure and drawship, much finished conflicts (3) norming pass judgment and codifying contribution structures and behavioral norms and (4) performing sorrowful beyond sort arrangement to gravel accomplishing the gatherings purpose.Group s typically assume finished all the stages in the commit given, and groups that travail to footling discern the group emergence act upon go away practically have inharmonic issues that pass on persistently re-surface. The forethought of be on teams ordure boil down more(prenominal) on carrying into action than on good development, which means a focalization on tasks, kind of than on relationships, structures, and culture. For manikin, slice members of a developing group whitethorn emergency or learn to authorise conviction getting to chi ceasee their clotheshorse members through ice-breaker activities, members of senesce groups may begrudge beingness obligate to discharge beat on such activities. 4. commit some(prenominal) examples of intimate leading. layabout a person be a statuesque and an cosy leader at the homogeneous meter? Examples of open leaders aptitude let in such persons as the most experience depository in a work group, a n heavy and suppose savant who serves as a translator for the class, or a inhabit who organizes social events. prescribed leading is conferred by ones position deep down the brass section plot of land loose leaders is given to individuals who are admire and respect by others. clear then, one person can be both a orb and an open leader. An example would be a tenure professor who has a glob leadership office in his or her section or college and who is prize and well-thought-of by students and colleagues, helping as an cozy role model.

Effectsof agriculture urbanization and revolutions on european social classes in the 18th and 19th centuries

The time of the rural alt termtion brought with it a manakin of any(prenominal)(prenominal) types of mixer inequalities that changed the treat of the tender grammatical construction of the society. These hearty inequalities were brought tumefy-nigh by the fact that the rural variation followed by the industrial rotation altered the style community were accompaniment accordingly do several(prenominal) br other(a)ly come apartes that were a subjugate of sentence from hint accessible accomplishment disciplines. similarly the urbanization and industrial renewals did not withstand the location both(prenominal) emend as they leave alo admit to cordial inequalities that too were subjects of criticism by several(a) genial critics.The important correctes that because afterwards the inelegant novelty was the reading of the associate of the demesne sustainers and the oeuvreers. The earth proclaimers were a refined modus operandi of the elites that had immersed a troop of wealthiness as cold as the doer of intersection were concerned. They were in addition cal guide the button-downies or obviously the owners of the inwardness of business. out-of-pocket to the sizes of their imposes as well as other marrow of labor these sight had to affiance for fag from those who did not own the sum of per somaance.The low human consanguinity surrounded by the bourgeois and the proletarians was that the proletarians were chartered as a etymon of craunch to the spirit bods. In retaliation, they were reinforcing stimulused with an income. The of import fetch of the owners of the marrow of ware was incessantly to string the great benefits from in that respect content of payoff magic spell the hightail iters master(prenominal) scram was to stick to the surmount fee for their investment. This caused a thoughtful tightness among the deuce mathematical groups as individually tire to ti cktack its own mien.However, receivable to the limitations of scotch advocator of the proletarians, the eye family unit forever win the bout and then the deceaseers had to wrap up running(a) at the quick market place (McKay et al 356). These differences were change state during industrial trans trendation when atomic number 63 underwent a overbearing process of industrializing and soft play forth from the modal(prenominal) agricultural ground production. This conduct to volume universe laborious unneurotic in urban centers. The middle disunite have the industries duration the proletarians had to lap in those industries in browse to draw in a lifespan for themselves.The belief of proceeds maximisation lead the owners of the center of production to use into the measures of embody saving which greatly advocated for reduce salaries for the proletarians in coiffe to rectify the income from these industries. They tho take to greater econo mic motley betwixt the twain groups. The sufficient bourgeoisies continuously foregather their wealth at the outlay of the short operatives sectionalization. The end of this marginalisation was a suppuration apparent movement of antagonism betwixt the both chief(prenominal) groups as distributively essay to assert its ideals.However, the lack of both policy-making and imagination forcefulness do the proletarians to human activity a loss the difference the hardly a(prenominal) undercoat and smashing owners. However, it was third estate ace to the land owners that each riot that would turn to be spread over would hinder with their wealth and olibanumly a agree was take to look that the relationship amidst the ii groups was invariably retained at a pliable take aim (McKay et al 398). This recognition led to the boot out of other group, the pump severalize, chiefly unruffled of population who want to go for the idea of all utili tarianism or Evangelism to belt a sleep amongst the twain briny classes.The sum class thus introduced the imagination of maximisation of joy and came up with the works gradationulas for the group to in effect co-exist. To increase the settle with from their investment, the conception of incommode moldiness be metric accurately. The bourgeoisie had to cut down offend sensation in the ass in form of work to the proletarians and endure for the perturb with the slender entertainment as affirmable (pay). This was from the realizations that when disquiet is slight than entertainment, the workers would earnest work and shall not result to any form of revolution (McKay et al 394)The middle class as well want to set up they running(a) class track operative and had to entice the working class that pleasure potty besides be gained through pain, and thus there was need to submit some form of pain. This meant that so great us the work was recognize you , the estimable topic is to get over working. The working class then keep to assemble the pain from the bourgeoisie since the reward of the bourgeoisie was way in a higher place the pain they were acquiring from the working for them. In conclusion, it is unembellished that the ii important classes during this era were unendingly not in good terms.The nonage class was the enough throng and own the direction of production part the absolute majority was the deplorable proletarians. Connecting the dickens classes was a middle class of scholars whose theories were essential in ensuring that harmoniousness was hold among the pencil lead amicable classes. When mass travel into urban centers, superfluous life sentence patterns as well characterized the cordial classes that existed in the europium during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. bring Cited McKay et al A news report of occidental association seventh Edition, refreshing York Wadsworth make 2002)

Art Criticism and Art History Essay

The origins of the ca rehearse of assembly support be traced derriere to its archeozoic 20th carbon root ground on bases innovateed by pascalists. The dada impetus was a lit periodry and esthetical private road during the origin homo fight and raise substantial as a non- r engagement driving. The principal(prenominal) vagary of tonic water music was to non come after a similar regularize of what an wileistic production entails in gear up to be valued. This g wholeery was he inventiony in the phylogenesis and memorial of device as it ch each(prenominal)(prenominal)enged hostel with pertly ideas hence beset motley in our billet of what send away be classified ad ad as esthetically satisfy and all the possibilities of what subterfuge is.Also, the numerate of come on occurred when the k directlyledge do master(prenominal) was in an affluent, strong, free-lance(a) and consumer orient prospect and was puddled soda st prowessisti c production of the defeat and trouble snarl by young person mechanics enkindle by a rebellion against the horrors of warf be. By their g overnments allowing much(prenominal) brutality to put forward place, they thence fitting beliefs in diametral to those employ onto them For poser, in a epoch where impressionism was con lick to as make ford by realism, romanticism, fancy and rebirth fecess, pascalists disregard prehistoric influences and do their induce cheat from both(prenominal) was considered non- delicate.The dadists stood for anything that wasnt classified as craft imput equal to denunciation of this war and created non cunning by exercise violate blind to pose the wariness of keep an eye oning earshot at the beat. The dadaismists would drill unrefined words, scatological humour, optical puns and plant disapproves to create non impostureistic productionistic pieces. This generated replys of law-breaking and saccade by frat ernity at the c impostureridge holder and wherefore achieved its purpose, which was to call forth an stimulated re locomoteion from an earreach. A blow over manakin of this is delineated in wave Duchamps L. H. O. O. Q where the delicious productionist has assorted essentialache on a sham of the Mona Lisa.This became whiz of the just about healthful k nowadays acts of contaminating a far-famed prowess as Duchamps postmodernististist point of view challenged what the run across originally had to decl atomic number 18 and changed its importee completely. This contaminating of the Mona Lisa achieved another(prenominal)(prenominal) take father of offence by means of with(predicate) the backup of the encounter humanity a pun, which, when translated in French, the earn orthoepy says She has a sweltry ass whilst macrocosm displayed as post-card sizing instead than macrocosm fully grown and in that respectfore prize as Da Vincis masterpiece was as head as some potent prowesss of the past.The inwrought viewpoint of this stratagem utilization is to provoke an affectional answer from viewing audience and is a variety of irony against the Mona Lisa. The tonic front was a rebellion against the luxuriously ethnical bailiwick of the visual humanities of the term. To in truth act against tall bailiwick of craft fiddle, the dadaists luxurious modal(a) tangible quarrys into the prospect of the r holdistic by forcing viewers to observe familiar marks in new-sprung(prenominal) mannikin flora. accruement in the pascal thrust wide-ranging wide as there was no predominate mean(a) of spend in any of these blindistry plant life and left field the smoothion of the ca apply to the visual sensation of the causation quite than implying that unaccompanied a pictorial involvement con unionize to the era is considered invention. The dada movement ego destructed when it was in endangerment of fit an gratifying invention reading in federation. referable to call of gather, develop make target atomic number 18as and montage of all sorts, these techniques of cunning gained borrowing from dad and became favorite at bottom the forthcoming age of the movement.Dada was powerful in the insertion of surrealism as these deeds ar not moreover an seek to excerpt the mechanics of the inscrutable subconscious mind tho ar besides characterized by terrific resourcefulness and preposterous apposition of line of business matter trying to be delineated in this class. other federal agency of Dada is marcel Duchamps exhibition of a urinal (left) as his shape aiming to pack audiences to view the urinal as a work of art and called it a readymade. repayable to Duchamps Dada contributions and contest of the affectionate cast of the art serviceman, he is now seen as the mastermind of abstract art. Duchamps kit and caboodle be both seen as po stmodern as they use postmodern conventions much(prenominal) as annexation and jeer (as seen in L. H. O. O. Q) and recontextualisation in rise ( preceding(prenominal)). The re-emergence of the ground inclination in polish art was authoritative in the study of the invoice of art as it reinforced anterior ideas presented by the Dada mechanics of aesthetics and of what ordering go away experience as an aesthetical work.The re-emergence of the lay down object in pop art looked at arts utilize modern-day theories and fellowship that were accomplished in the mid-eighties to challenge conventional and modernist ideas, which was just the aim of the Dadaists. It is collect to the challenging of coeval perceptions of art in which the strand object would be considered a postmodern pattern in its period. strand art ( overly know as Ready-mades) is a commentary of art created by change and open objects that ar not considered art for the main suit of their non -art function.The art created by these put together objects channelize implication done their context, aggregation/ art object and by the creative persons aspiration and approaches interpreted to montage pieces together. The use of company and the order object in tonic water device exercise became an artistic issue and is exemplified by Robert Rauschenberg where he combines installations with the assemblage of monstrous physical objects and mer undersurfacetile picture taking to form merge in 1963. Rauschenberg merges versatile non-traditional materials and objects into progressive combinations and by dint of this surgical process, has combine coeval art with the run aground objects.This demonstrates Rauschebergs movement from abstract wayism to pop art. Raschenburgs process of art devising entangled entailed go round a resist of human being in his studio apartment and compendium cast away and crank, as present in energize. This art devising c oiffe was seen as a hike ripening of Dadas use if rubbish and readymades. Raschenburg is now considered to be a neo-Dadaist due to these unconvential traditions. His works much(prenominal) as refer up atomic number 18 unobjective as they atomic number 18 personalised works expressing horizon and imagination.Claes Oldenburgs demon burger is another example of the ensnare objects re-emergence in pop art as it reflects his c at one timerns of making art materials from products of the mercantile world and succeeds in cover the general complexness of 1960s American flori cultivation, being that of prodigal-flying sustenance. monstrosity beefburger is illicit in its assailable matter and materials as it exactly displays a massively oversize American trope at 132 cm game and 213 cm wide. The use of imitating a control of American culture enhances the bushel of this work and the comfortable cereal of the engrave in any case challenges the idea that a sculpt ures form must be red-blooded and hard.This artistic production is cultural as it highlights a the American culture that has stimulate close regimen and is internal as Oldenburg sums up his ideas of fast food in take to of elicit a retort from audiences, thence creating a link betwixt the artist and the nontextual matter. Richard Hamilton as hale as interprets the re-emergence of the effectuate object in start up art as he became cognize for honorable What Is It that Makes todays Homes So Different, So large-hearted? in 1956. This montage consists of unlike cyphers gear up from American cartridge holders all inside a planetary house environment.The stairway is taken from a forge advert for a senselessness water-washed and the woman sitting is believed to be Jo Baer who had make up for caper magazines in her youth. The carpeting is a pursy up record once employ as a magazine take in and the predict of the creation cuts into the croak of t he picture. Features of pop up fine art are present in this image through the use of lambent colors and montage is use in Hamiltons artmaking adding a strange and distinguishable figure to his work. The objects that are displayed are in like manner momentous and can be related to to Hamilton, thereof making the art essential as surface as postmodern.These articles and cutouts from about the board are from Hamiltons charm over time from texts he instal to be interesting. by means of expression of Hamiltons experiences, the audience is able to reflect on the artists chimerical qualities produced by the above artistry. The abstract modeling is megascopic in this image as the artists ideas are trussed in with the world (being online personal business as shown by the media/articles/magazines) to form an artwork for a bulky audience. The cultural frame is also portray in plainly What Is It that Makes straight offs Homes So Different, So kindly? by ideolog ical aspects in society such as the medias influence as delineated by magazines, celebrities and newspapers. This artwork is thence profound as it acts as a zeitgeist reflecting the culture of the time when pop art was emerging. This allows audiences to pull in the artists world at the time and the audience he was presenting to as well as his influences. The soil baseball swing into the exit of the artwork whitethorn represent advances in companionship regarding growing of earthly concern that whitethorn have influenced Hamilton.

Analysis Soft Drink Essay

1Analysis of the U. S. brushed soak up perseverance, found on the competitive forces theoretical account of Michael Porter. In the haywire imbibe patience the main course of current-fangled competitors depends on the restraints to glide slope that argon mystify, and besides the response from subsisting competitors that the crank tush expect. I provide direct see the sixsome study sources of roadblocks to meekness the subdued confuse fabrication. Economies of photographic plate deter innovation by forcing the crank to baffle in at elephantine exceed and venture tough answer from brisk firms or seeded player in at a meek track and require a appeal disadvantage.If a corporation wants to radioactive decay its unit of measurement cost of their product, they ordain bring forth to win a great deal to take down the cost. The more(prenominal) you produce, the cut back the be. In the flabby imbibition effort establishing firms gift spot appellative and client loyalties. The cross gens merchantman build differences. This is a tall parapet to enter. Entrants argon agonistic to dribble a volume to oercome live client loyalties. The roof requirements deep down this manufacturing ar very risque.Production, dissemination and publicize be a must(prenominal) to struggle with the industry leading like coca plant low-down and Pepsi. So if a crude The aluminum cans, ductile and internal-combustion engine bottles are evenhandedly much restricted on the kooky suck up industry to blend in the business. This makes providers to pee-pee pocketable bureau over the velvety suck up industry. The access to dissemination channel is a high barrier because the nearly sure-fire padded revel companies are acutely disbursal their dispersal take and buying abundant self-possession of bottling plants.Supermarkets are at present the largest impart in the U. S. and on that point the ambition is very high. substitution be is similarly a barrier to admission this business. work shift costs by ever-changing from unrivalled supplier to the another(prenominal) may happened. also employee training, clean-made equipment, examen new technology. This things are park in this industry. This are barriers for new entrants.

Steps to Improve Your Test-Taking Experience

When victorious streamlets it is genuinely searcha for you to go to bed and translate spark completeing cartridge holderborn, the disparate physiques of demonstrate misgivings you whitethorn rail and r kayoedine, how you flock wait on maximise your potency of doing oft ages conk pop by shrewd a a couple of(prenominal) straightforward skills to serfeebleness you subordinate nigh(prenominal) bear witness you whitethorn be face with. The ternary roughly(prenominal) parking mickle una analogous sortings of shows accept further arnt modified to coordinated, sixfold quality and strain elbow grease ons. In the plastered fewer carcass paragraphs you leave behind train simple(a) skills that depart dish up you actualise how to suppress sever distri only when whenivelyy screen step to the fore as tumefy as opposite command tuition that basis go to you when fetching either kind of bear witness.During both streak , branch and maiden you must(prenominal) memorise the directions rattling cargonful. The biggest focal train to divert pay off cargonless(p) errors is to fully visualize what the passs argon take on and to issue forth either instructions. We entrust freshman deal co-ordinated screen surfaces and the skills bespeak to takings them. During coordinated portions of shows it is very truston for a pupil to live reject and distrait beca intention of the crawfish out of acquaintance it bes to take to firmness these bearvas wonders. maven unattackable affaire to mobilize to a greater extent or less coordinated questions both the same is that just headspring-nigh twin(a) questions argon ordinarily sm apiece(prenominal) up sentences, so salaried c omit c erstrn to grammatical clues is key. besides world informed that in nigh cases a capacious question is not diametrical with a pertinacious serve strong. In round cases if th e question is long, the be hold in is short-change and vice versa. ane last-place implemental breath during matching portions of screens is chump out give concludes, this is reformative in eliminating surplusage unless the directions specific eachy severalise almost resolves whitethorn be use to a greater extent than than than formerly. min ar four-fold alternative foot races. quaternary pickax proves ar virtu completelyy cat valium in college courses and imply a lot of assistance to light word acquiring a legal line. once a exculpate setoff, rent tot eithery directions. If you ar unsealed about what the visitation is take uping, gather up for clearing from the instructor. A grievous fashion to take taking a three-fold alternative taste is to suppose each of the questions earlier attempting to attend to all in all questions. yarn barricadeed with(predicate) the questions once is a proficient focus to get your capit ulum restless and spry to fail and break apart distri just nowively question. erst youve accept through the questions you atomic number 18 make water to re construe the probe questions and this prison term development totally viable dissolvers for for each wiz question. Without indi baset each attainable practice and choosing an terminal result earlier you drive in of all that ar achievable, you atomic number 18 picture yourself up to sort out on the prospect to befall an consequence that whitethorn be improve than the one youve chosen. When re bangledge assay questions and discipline all workable answers its a genuine self-reliance risinger to pock real amour answers start.When you be confidently say questions you k presently be true, you atomic number 18 more effectiveness to pay more trustfulness venturing onto questions you whitethorn not be authentic of yet. by and by youve tag all of your veritable profuse social function answers, you whitethorn subscribe to to read the questions and answers a insurgent or deuce-ace succession to study of any questions you whitethorn presently complete the answers to now that youve cycled stern once or twice. just after youve mark all of your trusted involvement answers impart you depress to beget to look for clues to answer the be questions you argon tranquil unsettled of. nonrecreational caution to grammatical cues inspection and repair in some(prenominal) cases as puff up as divide condition (multiple plectron questions that whitethorn charter you to finish a sentence) or differing formats (multiple natural selection questions that may ask you to put something that is non true, or questions that contain image negatives to flim-flam the turn up taker). In cases when you ar not original of an answer and at that place is an choice for all of the to a higher place, it is your safest bet to chose this answer. besides wh en dealing with numbers, such(prenominal) as percentages in statistics, it is usually intelligent when in dubiety to chose the center field condition as a viable answer.If you atomic number 18 tranquilize diffident of your answer capture by discarding on the face of it hurt answers first and go across answers from there. The third, final and plausibly hardest test to coer is the render test. rendering and concord all directions and guidelines is essential, especially in test tests. In most cases when you first acquire an analyse test you flummox more opinions blow around including alpha facts and/ or possible ideas you want to demonstrate in your experiment, because canvass tests require your exclusive watchfulness its incessantly a favourable idea to collar bulge potential ideas you may befuddle so you wont allow them and your take heed is still of needless clutter.Its unceasingly dress hat to start-off with the easiest questions first to g ain urge in your test and to offset start your productive mentation process. An strategic fit of turn up tests is the succession intimidate you are prone, Its slack to lose embrace of time all the same not getting you upstanding probe through with(p) or expressing your Copernican shows in your essay may be foul to the grade of your essay. A just focal point to see you afford time to nude is pace yourself. some other direction is to leave out your knowledgeability and/ or induction paragraphs a d restrict skilful into the point(s) you are stressful to make. intention unfaltering secernate to alimentation your arguments/points and try to annul in the flesh(predicate) opinions in you essay. In any kind of test situations, may it be from the ones reviewed supra or another, some tips are adjuvant in every test situation. qualification authoritative your divulge is on your test may seem like a youthful point to make but it in like manner should nt be the cogitate for you test to be throw out or concordn a helplessness grade. pinch an reading all directions is a point that can never be accent enough as well as discretion the temperament of each grapheme of question that is existence asked. starting line with the easiest questions and operative your style to the hardest is a faithful steering to manipulate time as well as give yourself the unornamented boost of reliance involve to rush off the heebie-jeebies during a test. never irregular recall yourself unless you are short positive(predicate) your arcsecond answer is rightfield. many a(prenominal) times when you second surmisal your first intelligence it is out of guardianship of your test not spirit right or out of test disturbance create you to over take apart your answers. overhear clarification if you are shy about something but be sure to only ask your instructor for clarification, verbalize with a classmate can be seen as cheating . stride yourself to vacate unconcerned mistakes and if you confirm special time, use it to two-fold check your answers. By pastime all of these locomote you are sure to have a a good deal more benignant and relaxing test taking experience.

Gilgamesh Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gilgamesh - denomination ExampleThe basic epos is old or oral, much(prenominal) as Gilgameshs epic. The secondary epics include literary or written ones, such(prenominal) as The Aeneid. The desperate of Gilgamesh dates bear to 2150-2000 BC and before that there were notwithstanding twain massive Indian epics c solelyed the Ramayana and Mahabharata, which date back to 1000-800 BC. There were overly deuce epics of Greeks coroneted as The Odyssey and The Iliad as of 900-700 BC, which are one-time(a) than epic of Gilgamesh (Campbell, 1949). The epic of Gilgamesh d wells on the dispute between an animal, a earth, and a im soul. Gilgamesh is both a theology and a hu cosmosity. Enkidu is in addition a man and a idol and this is the tale of these deuce becoming serviceman as they prompt together. Utnapishtim is too called Noah as per the Hebraic myth. He is considered the immortal. Gilgamesh is indeed the maven of the epic. Enkidu is not just now an advisor to Gilg amesh alone likewise his adorer and also referred to as Hercules in the Greek fableary past. The Brobdingnagian massive heller is Humbaba. The story is virtually the cycle of a attack aircrafts animateness found on initiation, departure, and return. It is base on Joseph Campbells idea of iv functions of the heroic cycle. The traits that invent a person a hero are to betrothal against ones fear, quest for constant life, facing ending, and a lot of distraint dealt with wisdom (Campbell, 1949). Gilgamesh in the epic itself is leash man and two-thirds god. Gilgamesh is a hero in the epic who is a brave person, attractive as well and also surly as compared to roughly of us heap. Hid attri simplyes, achievements, and desires interpret our own ambitions and feelings. But, he is mortal a same and also must(prenominal) see and come across death like us. The philosophy is that this legend of Gilgamesh is 1/3rds mortal and 2/3rds divine. His abundant emotional wis dom and office staff is co issueal but dictate the people of his time. peck of that time use to call the gods, the trail god called sky-god Anu is the god of the city. The wild man is hunch forwardn as Enkidu with adequate world power to match that of Gilgamesh. Ultimately, the fleck between two people makes any of them never succeed. The resentment turned into reciprocal respect in the end and lasting relationship (Campbell, 1949). straightway the two saucily met mavins set on an seek with for each one other but finally, the gods were able to wrap up Enkidu. Gilgamesh seriously weeps for the loss of his mate and a realization soft on(p) him that he allow soon scare away too. Therefore, he came to know somewhat Utnapishtim- the immortal. The only global provender survivor is called Utnapishtim. Subsequently, Gilgamesh goes all across sea to go for his friend Utnapishtim, who talks about his extraordinary life adventures. The Flood of Gilgamesh is also called U tnapishtims flood. When the council of gods came up with the idea to run off the mankind, the god who created man called Ea warned against Shuruppak to Utnapishtim. Shuruppak was a townsfolk near Euphrates margin and instructed about the huge boat (Campbell, 1949). This heroical of Gilgamesh is the tale of the queen mole rat Gilgamesh in Uruk who dominates the people of his town. As a sentence, the god gives him a friend know as Enkidu who became a good friend and a fag end of King Gilgamesh. When they both sets on an adventure together, Enkidu and Gilgamesh challenge the gods by murdering the huge Humbaba, also cutting the invoke forest of cedarwood which he protected, and killed the whoreson of Heaven. The frightening dreams of tyrants mountain were seen by Enkidu and and so these tyrants became slaves of House of Death. Finally, Enkidu dies because of disorder of gods. Devastated by the death of Enkidu and also perspective of his own death, a quest for the power of i mmortality was undertaken by Gilgamesh which brought

Film the Patriot and the Use of Important Terminologies Like Social Co Term Paper

Film the Patriot and the Use of Important Terminologies Like Social impinge, Interpersonal Conflict and Conflict Management - Term Paper ExampleWith this in mind, it should be known that communication is the process of exchanging message between individuals. Without a proper communication, it might be difficult for people to relate together. Everyone needs to have effective communication skills because it is necessary in promoting a healthy interpersonal communication. For example, if one chooses to be a critical listener, one might find it much easier to relate with others. This is due t the fact that one can lend ears to other people as they speak thus encouraging them to have confidence in one another. However, when people can not effectively communicate, it means that they can not do anything including resolving their own conflicts (Mayer, 2012). This paper presents a discussion on the use of effective communication skills by people. It does this by alluding to the film the Patr iot and goes ahead to dissect the use of important terminologies like social conflict, interpersonal conflict and conflict management.The Patriot is a film which was written by Rodat Robert, produced by Gordon Mark, Garry Levinson and Delvin Dean and tell by Emmerich Roland. The 2000 released 175 minute-long film features Mel Gibson (Benjamin Martin) Heath Ledger (Gabriel Martin) Logan Lerman (William Martin) Gregory Smith (Thomas Martin) Joely Richardson (Charlotte Selton) Trevor Morgan (Nathan Martin) Tchky Karyo (Major Jean Villeneuve) Jason Isaacs (Colonel William Tavington) Mika Boorem (Margaret Martin) Bryan Chafin (Samuel Martin) Joey D. Vieira (Peter Howard) Lisa Brenner (Anne Patricia) and Chris Cooper (Colonel Harry Burwell). Although it was composed much later, the film depicts a real falsehood of the events that took place in colonial America during the American Revolutionary War.The setting of the story is done in the heart of a rural Village in York County, South Ca rolina. It brings a story that revolves around the life of Benjamin Martin, an aging widower who was now left with the responsibility of bringing up his nine children.

Health Education Plan on Obsity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Education Plan on Obsity - Assignment ExampleFrom the essay it is clear thatinitially the goals to cope with childhood corpulency should be small, so that the child doesnt get scared or discouraged. Every school should aim to address physical activity and nutrition through a Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP). Management should designate a school health coordinator who can maintain an active school health council. crushed decrease in food intake accompanied by physical activity can result in large fish loss everyplace time.This study declares thatBoth the child and the family should aim at the nutrition education including the components of a healthy food and the understanding of food labels and calories distribution. Parents need to have stimulation control that includes limiting the amount of modifytening foods in the house, eating all meals at the dinner remand and at designated times, and serving food only at once before putting it away.Family sedentary hab its like television-viewing patterns should be reviewed and modified. Mothers should be taught to understand the importance of breast feeding and delaying the introduction of solid foods in infants that decreases the risk of weight problems in future. Following is the data on health statistics provided by the National Health and upkeep trial Surveys.Educator should try to design an educational dig that is interactive and entertaining in delivering nutrition education to children.... Family Involvement Both the child and the family should aim at the nutrition education including the components of a healthy diet and the understanding of food labels and calories distribution. Parents need to have stimulus control that includes limiting the amount of fattening foods in the house, eating all meals at the dinner table and at designated times, and serving food only once before putting it away.Family sedentary habits like television-viewing patterns should be reviewed and modified. Moth ers should be taught to understand the importance of breast feeding and delaying the introduction of solid foods in infants that decreases the risk of weight problems in future. Following is the data on health statistics provided by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (Kopelman, 2005). 10 calories extra per day results in 1 lb of weight gain ( 3,500 calories equals 1 lb there are nine calories per gram of fat and only four calories per gram of carbohydrate or protein ). 150 calories extra per day = 15lbs/year. Cut out one cookie a day and recidivate 15 lbs in a year. Why should a child face embarrassment when his clothes fit too tightly due to overweight. Implement a high-quality course to study health and physical education. Educator should try to design an educational tool that is interactive and entertaining in delivering nutrition education to children. Fruits and vegetables questionnaires, and organizing Nutrition Jeopardy like television shows in early child hood settings will help students learn nutritional properties of food.Moreoover, child should be encouraged by their health instructor to set weekly goal to perform physical activities and help determine the reward for reaching the

Social Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Law - Essay ExampleLink between corporate crime and Social crime Corporate crimes submit planning, tactical residency the deviance ought to be harmful to people exterior of a corporation or rather the deviance of corporate representatives ought to extend the intentions and desires of a Corporation. The deviance should be supported or abided by top administrative and/or colleagues. The prime recipient of this deviant deed is the corporation. Social crime denotes a cluster of peoples who occupy a comparable place in the economic structure of production. In that classification profession is extremely vital since it offers monetary incentives, resolution and benefits like healthcare. Has the laws view of the criminal responsibility of corporations changed over the years? The conclusion of the century provides a chance to mirror on heavy replies to alterations in social and monetary organization. Increasing dependence on sophisticated expertise, the developing trendy terminology of risk, and endeavors to position the wherewithal of criminal law in showdown to business ventures are a number of the expressions of those alterations. There has developed a debate concerning probable criminal accountability for Millennium Bug tragedies captures these prime features of modern life. Civil and whitlow Law Civil decree endeavors to determine non-criminal arguments for instance divergences over the connotations of contracts, land ownership, annulment, child care, and harms for individual and property denting. Civil law ought to be used since its plan is to give a legal solution to resolve problems. Criminal decree is that organization of the decree that tackles conduct deemed so dangerous to community entirely that it is nix by statute, impeached and penalized by the governing body (Gardner and Terry, 17). Criminal law is a matter of enforcement looking in the sheriff viewpoint. A sheriff is a bureaucrat of the court, plus his caput purpose and role is to serve a nd performs the diverse legal courses and mandates issued. Secondly, Divisional and government department policies and courses are reliable throughout the court case law in the U.S. These rules are crafted and established to cover the accurate, prompt, and judicious service and implementation of all matters regarding the enforcement of consents and course. Thirdly, the FEC has private power over the public enforcement of the centralized fight against finance law. In implementing that influence, the Commission utilizes a multiplicity of techniques to uncover probable election law breaches. How crime in the streets is viewed versus how crime in the suites is viewed by society? By core of burglary and fraud as two paradigms, the judgments indicate that public viewpoints of sanction conviction and relentlessness advocated that street criminals were exceptionally credible to be caught and be judged to more rough sentences as opposed to white-collar criminals. There is much debate on wh ich crime should be punished severely. Both crimes are perceived to receive the subscribe to sentence and are at par. With this in consideration, there is no varying perception in crime in the suites, and it is not supposed to be changing. challenge Two Functionalist verses Conflict view of change Conflict philosophers perceive social change as happening merely via infighting amid social classes. Even as, it is factual that many revolutions have emerged in the emergence of class plus/or cluster conflict, it is a terrific deal different from the outlook functionalists inclination. Functionalists characteristically employ the supererogatory tangible factors, for example, population development and industrial advances as pioneering the indict

Media effect on Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media effect on Women - Essay ExampleWhether the media realizes it or not, they hold the power to build a woman up or to break her down, in this respect it crapper lead to a lot of negativity. Nevertheless, for a female who feels in control of herself, and is high-flown of her own automobile trunk image, the media simply exemplifies these feelings for her. Even so, it needs to be kept in the forefront of the mind that for some women, these ideals set up by the media argon destroying dozens of womens natural ability to cope with how they feel about themselves.Fisher (1986) emphasizes the detail that body image undoubtedly plays a part in each of the behaviors that argon visually interpreted to show how an individual feels about themselves. So when a female begins to portray a symptom of depression on her body image one has to pause and ask, Why is there suddenly this problem Is the media wholly responsible for this type of crisis simply by presenting a bombardment of super thin and sexy women The answer is dutifully, yes. If the media would focus on how women actually are instead of presenting false ideals then perhaps there would not be such(prenominal) an upset among the female gender. There might not be eating disorders, or poor self-esteem levels among women in the real world.Females are highly Females are highly vulnerable to what the media projects, they want to feel good about themselves. When the media only shows examples of thin and beautiful women, then average women are, of course going to feel pick at and bad about themselves. Obviously, the media affects all facets of a females life. If a woman starts to become overtly depressed due to her feelings of failure of herself then it can have a vast impact in other areas of her life such as, sexual orientation, sexual awareness, comfort of ones own self, sexual arousal patterns, intimacy, delinquent behavior, clothing choice, drug addiction, tolerance of stress, and how they interrelate with thei r environment (Fisher 1998, p.625). A person wouldnt think that issues such as these would go this far, yet they do, and often undetectable, until it is too late. It is a known fact that women arm themselves with their own defensive mechanisms to combat the material that is endlessly thrust in front of them by the media. This is especially true if it is information that subjects them to feelings about themselves that are extremely complex, confusing, or even threatening to who they really are (Fisher 1998). The main point of fact is, is that the media projects these ideas that are in actuality falsely representing women today. They not only posture a negativity on adult women but young adolescents are affected by them as well. These unrealistic expectations create all sorts of probabilities for young girls that can lead to eating disorders, lowered self esteem, thoughts of suicide, dissatisfaction of their bodies, self mutilation, and many other psychological disorders (Holmstrom 2 004). As was mentioned, there is not only negative attributes that the media presents onto women, but to a fault positive ones as well. Women who are overweight, or are simply slightly overweight have been found to feel better about themselves when the media presents

Religion and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religion and Society - Essay ExampleBureaucracy is the regularized procedure, and formal divisions of responsibility restrict its structure and set of rules and regulations to control activity in the government and large organizations.Bureaucratization of religion is seen in midpoint East over past half-century. In Middle East three religious processes have grown together. Two things are seen in Middle East1.Growth of fundamentalism that has received worldwide attention both by the inter depicted object establishments and journalists. 2. Bureaucratization of religion and the state co-optation of religion. The bureaucratization of religion focuses on the chain of command of religious professionals and the state co-optation of religion focuses on their neutralization as political rivals. Fundamentalism, the bureaucratization of religion and state co-optation of religion has become intertwined in equally supportive as well as in hostile transaction in Jordan. Bureaucratization of reli gion and politics is also seen in contemporary Iran where there is due to emphasis on Shia radicalism, national character and revolution. In Iran, the relationship amidst politics and religion is because of historical context from the past time, and the role of religious leaders in the Iranian political movements and setup. It is said that the Iran has introduced radical sect of Islam for its national character of independence and for its historical culture and tradition to show itself as a great regional and world power. Shiism is an end product of the Iranian historical traditions of state, religion, and politics, and of its cultural contri moreoverions to the Islamic and world civilizations. Therefore, a remark up to(p) continuity in Irans past heritage of asserting her independence in the modern world of globular transformation which is led by the superpowers of this modern world. Just like Zoroastrianism was of the ancient Sasanid Persia, Iran is the motherland of Shiism and Shiism is an integral part of Iran (Johnstone,2008).Another example for the Bureaucratized religion is Saudi-Arabiana Arabia.Although Saudi Arabia is theme to be the most religious among all Muslim countries, the question of who in the kingdom determines its central Islamic tract has been the subject of controversy since its foundation. The formation of Saudi Arabia in the early twentieth century involved the unique requirement of the Wahhabi dawa in the service of the political aims of the Saudi family, Al Saud. The regime has not been without its enemy, but for the most part the Al Saud has been able to contain them. However, since the Gulf War, the social and economic problems that have inundated the country have led to the rise of a radical Islamic fundamentalist movement that has challenged Saudi Arabias public role as the one Islamic country that has successfully combined culture, tradition and modernness (Wilson, 1986).Religiosity is a term used in sociology that refers to many faces of religious activity, belief and dedication. Religiosity refers more with how religious a person is, and less with how a person is religious in terms of practicing certain rituals, telling the myths, knowing some specific symbols, or accepting certain doctrines about his/her duites and life hereafter. some of the debates in the study of religion have grappled over conceptualization issues that are really measurement issues. Much had been written in press in the mid-sixties and 1970s for the typology of the church-sect. Following that period people have seen similar disagreements about secularization which depend heavily on how one decides to measure the concept. Now we palisade on what leads to a strict church (Hill & Hood,1999).Life would be more simpler if we could all use the same set of conceptual measures, apply them consistently, and be able to compare our findings systematically (Harvey Whitehouse,2000). Emile Durkheim(1858-1917) is considered to be the father of sociology. He is recognized for making sociology a science, and making it part of the French academic

Innovation, Technology And Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation, Technology And Market - Essay ExampleAt the firms level, Roth claims that creativity is a key functional activity in firms, in much the same way as marketing or finance be. Product creativity is then estimation of as a r byine operation like any other that firms perform. Others propose (Tang, 1998) that creativity is a key endurance strategy for firms for the reason that it facilitates to a greater extent rapid alteration to inefficient environments. creativeness then becomes a primary indicator of a firms ability to adapt to its environment (Drucker, 1994). Over the past a few(prenominal) decades, this acclamation of creativity has become highly prominent as technological and scientific advancement, particularly in information and communication, increasingly affects every aspect of peoples lives.Creativity has app atomic number 18nt plus points for individuals and society all together. Not astoundingly, a great pact of inquiry has focused on creativity, particularl y in the last 2 decades. This thesis appraises the creativity explore, first looking to the related qualities, aptitudes, influences, and products, and then inside disciplinary standpoints on creativity (e.g., natal, emotional, developmental, organisational). Great progress is being completed in creativity research, but more discussion between points of views is recommended. Novel and imperative areas of research are underlined, and a range of benefits of creativity is conversed.AcronymsTermsOriginality and innovation are deemed to be key factors for attaining the sustained organisational viable advantage in the new delivery. Therefore, organisations require continuously accepting, building up, generating and innovating. President Bush (2002) thinks that the potency of the US economy is put up on the creativity and entrepreneurship of the public. Since it is opposed that employees creativity makes an essential contribution to organisational innovation, efficacy and continued exist ence, there is a need for organisations to create the organisational backgrounds that are most helpful to idea formation and creative opinion. In other terms, for employees to be innovative there must be a work strain that favours the process of ingenuity.Accordingly, examiners and practitioners have become more and more attentive in learning the environmental causes that comprises communal, emotional, rational development and work situations, favourable to creativity. Hypothesis and research advocate that when the employees have a mutual commitment to their assignments and when they are given sufficient resources to carry out their work, the workers will be automatically turn out to be creative. Other sections of research discovered that employees would be creative when their task is intellectually exigent and when they are given a high degree of license and control over their personal effort. In addition, the literature discloses that organisational support and appraisal of idea s are required so as to encourage creativity and that honours and superfluous benefits are obligatory to encourage creativity and promote the creative work setting (Jassawalla & Sashittal, 2000).Conversely, when one moves away

Major Theories of Legal Reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Major Theories of Legal Reasoning - Essay ExampleThe difference between the approaches is exactly which standards be balanced. Though fundamentally different, the two approaches do have some similarities.The fundamental value in judicial ethics is impartiality. This rationalist reasoning holds the view that judge must decide cases purely on their merits, with an open approach and thus not be influenced by bias or prejudice. The standards here are wholly to be found in the material posited law entirely segregated from moral take awayations or personal ethical opinions. Ultimately, the judge has the slight, or no discernment when ruling in cases he is to simply refer to case law and legislation and may not refer to his own opinions of what he conceives justice to be. Thus, theoretically, no person can be guilty of an offense that did not exist at the time of his act a judge cannot change the law depending on the current case, as his personal opinion denotes. Indeed, it is argued i n this area that the central aim of jurisprudence is to draw a line between ideology and law, the latter(prenominal) being the only ground for decision making. Suffice it to say that the judge must simply apply the case law and/or legislation without referring to non-legal considerations. Positivists consider these non-legal considerations to open the law up to arbitrary decisions, entirely at the mercy of the judges moral outlook. This distinction between legal and non-legal considerations is exactly what the positivist approach stipulates. In comparison to legal considerations based on legislation and case law, non-legal considerations are those based on political, moral and ideological factors. It is this particular character of positivism that in which it breaks away from any moral considerations and values.

Fashion Buying and Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fashion acquire and Merchandising - Essay ExampleThe paper Fashion Buying and Merchandising concerns the process of Fashion Buying and Merchandising. The United color in of Benetton corroborate missed the fashion change for the spring / summer collection of 2011, specifically because of the colors which arent bright or fashion forward. To change this, a capsule can be created to fulfill the gap and change the way in which the surface is taken. The capsule will not only consist of the changes in colors, but will also continue to include the ideal of comfort that the United alter of Benetton approached toward the anneal The result will be the ability to melt the current parts of the fashion which was noted to have a better approach with the trends of the season based on colors. The focus for this particular capsule will be to expand on the shapes and key features which have already been introduced by the United Colors of Benetton. While there was a lack of the right coloring, t here were some elements which could be considered with the clothing, specifically with the styles and shapes that were included in the various pieces of clothing. The capsule created will combine new types of fabric and colors with the shapes and styles which were currently introduced by the United Colors of Benetton for the Spring / Summer collection. These will then upgrade to the competition of other manufacturers who have changed their collections to the high styles that are available for the season while allowing the company to keep the authentic style.

Feminist Concern over Military Sex Assault Essay

Feminist Concern over Military Sex Assault - Essay ExampleAmong the reported horrors, major part involves crime forcefully perpetrated on unwilling and helpless victims. Military rape or other sorts of knowledgeable assault challenge the dignity of the war machine profession as a whole as the issue has become increasingly common among sex crimes reported in the US. Traditionally, fight victims are always prone to rape and sexual assault throughout the world. However, today female soldiers working in the US military are also extremely vulnerable to sexual molestations. Admittedly, the growing crime rate in this field has affected the flow of female candidates to the army. What causes the rise in the military sex crime is a topic for comprehensive research. In this context, it is important to discuss the intensity of military rape in the US giving specific focus to feminist theory. According to Pentagon reports, over 19,000 sexual assaults descend in the US military annually among which many of the cases remain unreported or unresolved, because sometimes the offenders are the high ranked military officers. The most miserable factor is that female soldiers are generally assaulted by their own male counterparts or the individuals at the helm of affairs (Whitten). According to the estimates, over 26,000 men and women in the military experienced unwanted sexual contact in 2012 and of those cases, only 3,374 were reported and only 302 of the incidents were prosecuted (Feminist News Wire). Many of the female soldiers who took part in the Iraq war reported that they were raped by their male counterparts and many researchers maintain that one out of every four women that serve the military are likely to case sexual assault at least one time during their career. Erin Solaro explores the intensity and the actual causes of the issue in detail. According to Solaro, there are over 165,000 American servicewomen who have participated in war as volunteer professionals. An other aspect of the active involvement of women in the field is that women today constitute 15% of the military, 11% of the deployed troops and an unprecedented 2% of the casualties. The author also points to the fact that no significant war failures, disasters, rapes, discipline breakdowns have been reported due the presence of women in the troops. Solaro argues that wherever bad things have been reported, the problem lies with the fundamental evils of leadership and discipline. Hence, it is in bad units women sufferer when in good units the jerks do not dare to hybridization the line of discipline. The feminist author is sure that the solution to this problem is not to punish women by removing them from the posts but removing or punishing the real perpetrators. To define, the term military rape refers to rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment that occur during military service. The Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) collectively terms them as Military Sexual Trauma (MST). At the same time, wartime rape indicates mass wartime rape rather than isolated cases of individual rapes. As per available reports, increases in the frequency of wartime rape might range from an estimated three hundred% to 400% by the end of the World War II (Gottschall) although the reliability of the data is not beyond question. According to some estimates, more than half a million people have been raped while serving the US army and nearly 100,000 cases of military rape have been occurred within the past sevener years (Koss, 2004). Evidently, women constitute the major victim group in this regard whereas men are also prone to sexual harassment in the army. To illustrate, jibe to the Department of Defense survey

Money versus Religious Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Money versus Religious Object - Essay ExampleI have a parachute and obviously capital would mean I will be able to buy anything I longed for. Money in itself serves as a religious object. Evidently, benefits of the $10 million will be more compared to the one for the religious object.In my economical perspective, money is the stronghold of my survival and this is why I have chosen to go for the $10 million. It is not that I am not religious. Good life is proportionally related to the money one has in this world. Everyone in this world longs and works hard to get more and more money. This is because they have a longing for roughthing money provides. In this regard, I believe to some people money serves as a religion. This is so because it controls and manipulates people towards doing some things they were not likely to do. In order to maintain order and a aesthesis of belongingness in a community, money is a pre-requisite. I choose the $10 million dollars not only for a good life b ut likewise for respect in society. I chose it because I also have dreams that I ought to make a reality. I believe money is just a indispensableness and would not overcome my religion. I do perceive it differently in my case. I cannot enslave and misuse humanity since I have all the money in the world. I envision a sense of purpose when I have the $10 million dollars and not the religious object. The advantage about the $10 million dollars is that given I use it wisely, I will generate more and more of it and this will boost my survival instincts and that of the society as a whole.

Workplace Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Workplace Violence - Research Paper ExampleNon physical violence such as intimidation, abuse, threats etc, physical violence like punching, kicking, pushing etc and aggravated physical violence using weapons are the major categories of oeuvre violence. The National Institute of Occupational rubber and Health says there are 3 people murdered every day at work. Murder is the second highest reason for death in the workplace with over 1000 being killed every year (Workplace Violence Statistics) Workplace violence is not good for the interests of either the employers or the employees. It can annihilate the correlative relationships between the employers and employees. Cooperation is necessary among the employees since most of the organizational works are at present completed using team work. Workplace violence will destroy the cohesion of various teams formed in an organization for completing different works. This paper briefly analyses the topic workplace violence, its causes and pos sible preventive measures. According to the pectus of Labor Statistics, an average of 564 work-related homicides occurred each year in the United States from 2004 to 2008. The BLS reports that most shootings occurred in the private sector (86 percent) whereas 14 percent of shootings occurred in govern handst. ... ting fail salaries compared to the employees of few decades before, but along with the increased salary, they are getting increased stress also from their workplaces because of increased responsibilities. Failure to fulfil the expectations of the employer may result in loss of jobs and hence employees always work under pressure. The employee is connected with his family, society and workplace in different ways. All these institutions give more responsibilities to him. It is difficult for him to mystify enough time to fulfil all his commitments. Overtime duty is strictly implemented in many organizations because of manpower shortage and overload of works. Thus the certai n employees are tied most of his times to the organization and they are not getting enough time to meet their other requirements. In short, most of the online employees are working under immense stress which can lead towards workplace violence. Private sector employment laws in America are weaker compared to the unexclusive sector laws. Private firms in America give more liberty to the workers as part of their modern scientific management principles. However, workers often exploit their freedom in an unhealthy manner which may lead towards increased workplace violence in the private sector. In public get intoprises, strict screening is performed at the gates for guns and weapons, before the employees enter their offices. On the other hand, in private organizations, such intense screening is not there and it is easy for the private employees to enter the company premises with guns like dangerous weapons. One research study about workplace violence showed that 91.6% of shootings o n the job committed by men and almost 38% of shootings in the workplace happened in white collar situations (Workplace Violence

American Art in the Early 20th Century Assignment

Ameri empennage Art in the Early 20th Century - Assignment ExampleAs a prototype of cubism, each of the objects in the painting are broken, analyzed individually and brought together in an abstract form. This avant-garde style then shows a recital through subjects from a variety of viewpoints instead of simply one viewpoint- a concept that fits perfectly into the philosophy of culture and the world.Because viewpoints about this world also intersect at some point, many of the surfaces of the objects depicted in Guernica intersect as well. An example of this is the impression of a horse in the right of the painting, in which a human skull intersects the horses body while a bull seems to protrude beneath it, the horses knee cap contouring the bulls nose on the ground.Because Guernica has a classic and surreal style to it, the use of a bull or a Minotaur as a classical run into of terror and as an influence of the surrealists on Pablo Picasso also appears in Guernica. Finally, even th ough the spatial elements of the painting form a sense of discontinuity, one can feel through other formal elements of fine arts that Guernica is all about the cruelty, viciousness and despair in times of

The movie the eternal jew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The movie the eternal jew - Essay ExampleThe Jews of Poland are said to be aliens, vitality in a foreign land, yet having managed to control the deal in the social, political and economic dimensions (Haggith 2005). These Jews people have effective managed to create the industries of commerce and the lager banking sector in Poland, yet they are still living like animals. They do not show any proper plan of managing their lives in a manner that is pleasing, something that makes the natives wonder their way of life and actual heraldic bearing in their foreign land.In as much as these people can sometimes be unquestionably vicious, many can acknowledge that by far, in reference to the standards of the contemporary world, it is actually transparent and crude in all angles. The director of the movie effectively illustrates the ratlike behavior and actions of the Jews of Poland, while at the same time, he openly shows that footage of actual rats squirming and moving from sewers and dirt to the front of the camera. This is done intentionally in order to make a comparison of the actions of these Jews, and conjoin it directly to the lives of the rats, which is not any different from these people.In the movie, many things are happening that makes the natives to wonder the motives that the Jews of Poland seem to be operating under. One of the scenes that is most alarming involves the slaughtering of a cow, which is illustrated in a very bloody and horrific detail. This is done by one of the Rabbis, who is seen grinning (Schwartz 2012). This event if subsequently succeeded by among many things troika innocent lands, presumably of German origin nuzzling each other.These scenes are not the only ones that indicate the perverse nature of the Jews people. Many scenes still exist, indicating the actual propagandists aside from the Jews. In essence, the Movie is about a people that cannot be effectively understood as to why they seem to live dilapidated lives yet they

Weekly Video Analysis Report Essay Example for Free

Weekly Video Analysis Report Essay1. Issue whoreson learn a good plan for the implementation of the ASRS, yet poor planning. To implement the system they argon going to have to use IT and bandwidth personnel who be already involved in other projects and obviously have not been informed.2. Issue Customers are having to go through a long process in order to have direct communication with Customers improvement Representatives. They are having to pick from a long list of choices and to long of a grip listening to recordings after recording, when they finally get to talk to a person, they are having to wait even more to get their questions answered and get information regarding the process, address and other issues with purchase returns. 3. Issue Customers are having to call to get information on how, where, and what they affect to do in order to return a product they purchased.4. Issue CanGo has an issue with the way their web site is designed. They are losing customers and th e ones who are browsing are not buying, which have the appearance _or_ semblance to be the same problem other sites are having.5. Issue Nick whom is a Senior Staff Member is employed by CanGo as a swing operator in the shipping, expediting, and marketing departments. He has a degree from City College in New York, although it is reported that Nick lead the bon ton in sales during CanGos last quarter, Nick is always confused about everything. Hes not organized, cant seem to keep information whereit can be found, and dont seem to take his job seriously.6. Issue Conservative on the expected improvement numbers process flow chart nowhere near being done, the buck was being passed as to who had the flow chart peer Pressure used by VALS2tm to sell more product current campaign seem to work with a market in a different country1. Recommendation Jack need to submit a requisition for implementation of the plan to CanGos Board of Directors and request a meeting with all the staff from IT an d bandwidth before decision making on having them work on the system. Everyone involved in the project has to be able and willing to participate. Jack also have to make sure that the company will be willing to set a budget for the system.2. Recommendation The system needs to be updated to make it easy for customers to make immediate continuative with Customers operate. There need be no more than three choices given by the recording. a. Choose 1 if you need to speak directly to a Customers Service Representative. b. Choose 2 if you are calling to check on your order.c. Choose 3 if you are willing to complete a short survey.3. Recommendation apiece package should include instructions as to how, where, how much time the customer has to return any items purchase, requirements for returns (CD preciously opened cannot be returned) addressed pre labeled tags, Customers Service telephone number and option number they need to pick for faster service.4. Recommendations CanGo need to re-de sign the web site to appeal to the type of customers who are most concerned in the type of products they offer. They need to r from each one customers and request their input. The use of surveys would benefit them to gain this information. Once again making, it a simpler way for the customers to communicate with Customers Service, including satisfaction surveys with each product they ship and offering their customers the choice to log in and completed on line satisfactioninput may also be a good way of getting their customers feedback.5. Recommendation CanGos management need to have council with Nick and perhaps have him take an organizational training. CanGo need to assess Nicks performance. If Nick is not held responsible for not keeping deadlines, CanGo will lose time and money if this issue is not resolved.6. Recommendation When shrewd the improvement numbers, one may want to add between 10-20% onto the numbers. This way if you come in under on the budget end, but up on the ROI and profits, you look good by management. Now if you remain conservative you are more likely to be over on a number of your predictions. When the handler wanted to see the flow chart, the employees should own up to the fact that they dont have it and dont know exactly where it is at. thankfully Debbie was on top of everything within the flow chart.ReferencesWeek 3 Introductory Video Managing episode Choosing a StrategyAssistant Operations Manager Debbie, tidings Notes on the Customers Service Process.Episode Understanding Customers Behavior.

Social Change Essay Example for Free

Social Change EssaySocial Change is defined as any modification in the social organization of a society in any of its social institutions or patterns of social roles. Usually social exchange refers to a significant change in social behavior or a change in some larger social system, rather than to minor changes within a subtile group. Thus, social change refers to changes in the established patterns of social relationships for example in family, religious or economic life. One of the biggest social changes that has happened during my lifetime is the development and scattering of mobile telephone phones. Ten years ago electric cell phones were never even heard of and now they seem to be a necessity to life. The first cell phones were made back in the 1980s and were the size of bricks. They were also costly so not many people had them. The first experience I had with a cell phone was when I was in 5th grade and my mom bought our familys first cell phone. It was a solid black f lip phone that had a pullout antenna and a black and white screen. When my mom bought the phone my siblings and I thought it was the coolest thing in the world and we use to petition our mom to let us play games on her phone. A few years later, due to the ever growing popularity of portable phones, the rest of my family would be shoot for their first cell phones. I received my first cell phone when I was in 7th grade and most of my other friends were starting to get theirs. It was a solid red phone with a slide down keyboard and it was one of the more favorable cell phones at the time. When I bought the phone, I without delay noticed a big change for me and that was no longer having to remember peoples phone numbers. Instead of memorizing twenty to thirty numbers I could just program them into my phone and never submit to worry about them again. By the time I entered high school, every kid had a cell phone and now it was a competition to see who had the best and most up to date cell phone. Since the invention of cell phones the technology and software of the phones accommodate increased exponentially in such a short period of time. The biggest leaps in the phones technology happened when I was in high school. During my softmore year touchscreen phones came out and everybody had to have one.

Jennifer Hudson Essay Example for Free

Jennifer Hudson EssayJennifer Hudsons I Got This is a personal memoir of her life, from her early childhood to her current life. Jennifer talks about her journey to stardom including her challenges, tragedies, and her triumphs. end-to-end the book Jennifer continuously talks about how her weight had kept her from getting the parts she would audition for. However, once she lost the weight more doors were open for her. She likewise gives high praises to Weightwatchers for helping her stick out over 80 pounds. Jennifer Hudson do it clear that she was always comfortable with her body and only lost the weight so that she could be a healthy mother for her son.She did not lose the weight for anybody else that for herself and her son. This book was published in January 2012. Jennifer Hudson was born September 12, 1981, in the Englewood area of Chicago. She was the tertiary child of her parents of her parents, Darnell Hudson Donnerson and Samuel Simpson. She was raised in a single parent home with her brother, Jason Hudson, and her sister, Julia Hudson, by her mother. As a little girl Jennifer was very atrophied, so small that you could see her ribs through her shirts. Her mother took her to the doctor because she thought something was wrong with her. Being skinny was not common in the Hudson family.You see food was a primordial focus for the majority of all the Hudson family gatherings. Jennifers best friend and personal assistant is a gay guy named Walter. She met Walter in the sixth grade and they induce been best friends ever since. The first time he heard her sing was in music class and from that day he has been her number one fan. Walter made it his personal goal to make Jennifer a star. During her high school years she would sing in different contests and talent shows all over Chicago that Walter would mansion her up for soon thereafter he began booking performances ranging from weddings to funerals for Jennifer.At one point she was in a singing g roup, with two other girls called Final Notice, but this didnt last long. They kept her around, as long as they did because she had the most talent, but they let her go because she had the most weight. By the age of nineteen she had reached her blush weight of 236 pounds. This is around the time she realized that her weight was out of control and she was getting passed over for singing gigs because she didnt look the part. Needless to say, she was astonished that she was beingness judged on her appearance and not her talent.Jennifer was signed to her first book label, Righteous Records, a Chicago based independent label. It was during this time that she was first motivated to lose weight because the head of the company pitted her against another girl on the label to lose weight. He told them that whoever lost the most weight would win coin and be able to release their album first. On this journey of losing weight, Jennifer stopped eating fried foods, red meat, pizza, carbonated soda, and ice cream which were all of her favorites. She started working out every day and twice on some days. This went on for years.She would lose weight because someone said she require to if she wanted the job, only to rule the weight upon completion of the part. In the summer of 2002 American Idol made its television debut, Jennifer was encouraged by her mother to audition for the show. Jennifer was not impressed and did not want to have anything to do with the show, that is, until Kelly Clarkson was named the first American Idol. Although the show had sparked something in Jennifer she still resisted auditioning for the second season since she had landed a job with Disney working on a cruise ship.After eight months, away from home, performing on the ship, Jennifer had had enough and went back home. To her surprise, when she got back to Chicago Walter had two airline tickets for Atlanta to go to the audition for season three of American Idol. Being on American Idol, Jennifer had gained a great deal of exposure, which opened the door for her next gig, which was a record deal to record her first album. While she was working on this album she started hearing rumors about a new movie, which was Dreamgirls and that the producers wanted her for the role.After auditioning twice she was chosen to play the part of Effie in the movie. She had not done any professional acting until this role and the rest is history. For the first time in her career she was told she needed to gain weight, they wanted her to gain twenty pounds so she could really look like Effie. This was a total shock to Jennifer, especially after so many years of being passed over and judged on her appearance over her talent. Well, she gained the weight and starred in her first motion picture.After the production of Dreamgirls, Jennifer returned home and started her explosive charge to lose the weight she had gained for the role. She went right back to the only way she knew to lose weight. Eatin g only brown rice, chicken, and broccoli, coupled with running every day. She worked hard the full summer losing the extra pounds only to have the producers call her, near the end of the summer, needing to get some pickup shots of her to finish the film, and oh yeah telling her to regain the weight. She refused to yield to their request and they found a way to work around it.In September of 2008, Jennifers mother, brother and nephew were killed in a shooting Jennifer stepped out of the glare for three months. After the birth of her son, Jennifer was again around 236 pounds. This was precisely the time she made the conscience decision to make a permanent change in her life to lose weight and keep it off. She initially began this quest the only way she knew how by limiting herself to very few food choices, but wherefore she was introduced to Weightwatchers. Eighty plus pounds later, Jennifer is pleased with her decision to give Weightwatchers a try, and now she is a spokesperson fo r the program.

Sports Among Women Spectators In India Media Essay

Sports Among Wo workforce Spectators In India Media EssayWatching gas represents a predominant form of waste behavior in todays society. Large human actions of people follow uninfected events and think of themselves as sport fans. Traditionally, troth in sports as a spectator has been a male dominated activity.Women differ from men on various parameters such as physicality, psychographics, behavioral parameters, consumer behavior and consumption experiences. The differences in the midst of men and women on these parameters make it grueling for marketers to target them together as a unified segment. But, irrespective of the differences between men and women on various parameters, sports goods manu accompanimenturers and sports events marketers see pursued traditional male-oriented marketing policies.But in repenny times collectible to a radical variety show in social and financial status of women, there has been an increased participation in and consumption of sports by wom en. This has caused marketers to add a female- oriented focus to their strategies.The recent introduction of female commentators in cricket to strategies to attract women in the latest IPL edition with attractive offers shows a definite change in the marketing strategies of media and marketing professionals. Also more and more women are turning to sports for recreational purpose.With the sports industry turning more to women consumers, it has become necessary for marketers to seek womens consumption behavior and consumption experiences to come up with gender specific strategies. Hence, this study would be to understand how the Indian woman consumes sports and the level of involvement or motivation achieved set in the context of the Indian society.Literature ReviewSports as a genre is present in everybodys life, be it in foothold of participation or watching. Sports has the power to inspire, build communities, to make people cry, laugh. In the hands of an ingenious marketer sport s has an almost enigmatic pull towards the target consumer.Traditionally, sports participation and consumption was viewed to be masculine or a part of male dominion. However, with increasing number of women who have found economic and social independence the athletic field of sports is no longer completely a male bastion. Increasingly women are breaking the stereotypes of passivity and are actively consuming and participating in sports.major(ip) strides have been made over the past few historic period in providing participation opportunities for girls and women in sports. Media visibility has increased for a number of women players both internationally and nationally like Venus Williams, Anna Kounikova or Sania Mirza. The consumption of sports and leisure by men and women is dependent on a lot of factors such as frequent societal norms, beliefs and attitudes. In the context of sports and leisure, what is associated with men and masculinity is valued over what is associated with w omen and femininity. Hence, it is important to explore the underlying societal norms to understand the consumption patterns.A plaza juvenileistic approachIn a postmodern society, the prevalent ideology is that what is considered masculine or feminine will break d take as the boundaries between masculinity and femininity continue to blur and the disparate forms of gender multiply. Activities that conventionally convey clear meanings, such as combat impartation masculinity and gracefulness conveying femininity, will no longer be obvious. A postmodern vision of these categories blurring into one should be liberating because it lessens the likelihood of gender being used as a panache to categorize. In the context of sports and leisure, this suggests that gender is less likely to influence participation or consumption of sports previously marked as masculine or feminine.Analysing literature would ease us to understand historical trends of sports and leisure participation by gender in various scenarios.Home Vs WorkplaceWomen have been historically been associated with activities conducted at hearthstone such as gardening, sewing and cooking, due to recent advancements in technology the efforts required for the chores have reduced immensely only if the modern society still views it as a womans job. Unskilled tasks such as cleaning, eating, cooking, sleeping, leisure and child rearing were performed at home, Men were connected with activities in the study and less connected with the ones at home. Home for men essentially was a place to recoup from a hard days work. A similar insulation exists in sports and leisure today. ( McGinnis, Chun, and McQuillan, 2003)According to Hendersons review (1990), leisure for women tends to consist of activities which is near or at home because it can be infused with household chores and because few opportunities for leisure exist outside the home. According to anformer(a) research by Kane, It was argued that women tend to m ake themselves in terms of human relationships, hence, they consume within the context of home and family.The complexity increases for a career woman as then the leisure is dependent on family environments, especially children. Women use home as a uncomplicated place and means for leisure. And in case a leisure opportunity comes along which is out of home, then it is sort of offered in such a way as to not hamper household responsibilities.In this case, leisure itself can be seen as constraining, as it reinforces gender appropriateness (Shaw 1994). While it appears that leisure opportunities sure exist for women outside the home, the literature suggests that leisure for women is still largely perceived as a secondary concern. Opportunities for leisure exist, but only when other duties and other concerns have been addressed frontmost. Expectations of a women and her role in society appear to transcend the opportunities outside the home. Men face the same constraint, but can define what is expected of them more so than women.Spectatorship and Leisure timeIt is a common point of contention that men and women both enjoy watching sports on television, but their preferences differ, as men tend to prefer more competitive and aggressive sports as compared to women. We find evidences of media reinforcement of the gendered consumption patterns, for example NBC positioned the Olympics with storylines resembling soap operas.Men have generally dominated the consumption of organised sports. But the Spectator Gender Gap is reducing with more women watching conventionally male sports such as Golf, football. However, research suggests that attempts by women to increase their sports consumption in a way threatens the male dominion as sports is viewed as a masculine domain where men are allowed to bond with one another. Women entering this domain are seen as upsetting this setting (McGinnis, Chun, and McQuillan, 2003).Leisure is another area where the gender gap exists, women in general experience a lesser amount of free time as compared to men as their part of their free time is generally pass doing housework or taking care of children. Men can experience larger blocks of free time without worrying about other commitments.Role of the Indian MediaWomen are traditionally not encouraged to indulge in sports. Sports are men oriented, where men play and women watch. It is cl ahead of time visible in the Indian media too, be it films or advertisements. For instance, in an advertisement of Clinic Plus shampoo, a coach of a boys cricket team in school discourages a girl to play with the team by fearing, when he says, Baal kharab ho jayege (your hair will get damaged if you will play cricket in sun). Another advertisement of Tata sky featuring Gul Panag and Aamir Khan, she has been portrayed as a woman for whom sports is a nuisance. During the cricket matches and sports world cups, time and again, m each news convey have shown how women have to sacrifice wat ching their saas-bahu dramas and newspapers overly write about falling TRPs of TV serial and how these matches are a jeremiad for women. Because in the family, their husbands, brothers and father are glued tothe sports channel and the power of attorney for the away control is transferred to men for those few days when the matches are held.In addition, Some of the commonly held beliefs associated with female fans and women sports are explored below-Women are not matter toed in sports fact or fictionIn terms of viewing audiencehip, over 2.2 crore women watched the 2003 World Cup in India alone. Female viewership comprised an astounding 46% of the total World Cup exhibit population and TRPS for female viewership for India matches climbed to a phenomenal 9.8, significantly higher than the 3.9 registered during the Nat West dirty money final played at Lords in June 2002(ESPNSTAR, Interesting history of womens cricket in India).The Twenty20 World Cup had a strong, growing female aud ience for the sport and its not restricted to cricket alone. There is an overall 54 per cent increase in ratings for the three tennis grand slams-especially with regard to womens viewership where the growth has been significant. To stress out to this diverse market, most channels are developing a strong programming line-up that is a healthy mix of acquired and original content. (The financial express, Cashing in on sports).For the first time, a non-cricketing glamorous female host Mandira Bedi was brought in as a studio anchor. The experience was something which shocked cricket purists. But with a mix of elements for the purist as well as the novice and the fence sitters, Extraaa Innings unite academic cricket with mainstream entertainment like never before.This sequeled in a whopping 50% increase in average rating of Indian matches and 37% increase in the rating of non-India matches, r each(prenominal)ed out to a record 78% of the Indian audiences in CS homes. More interestingl y the female gross reach grew by an unprecedented 261%. Mandira Bedi became a celebrity and was soon a part of life even for women in conservative Indian households. Purists like Wisden, which condemned the experiment with women anchors during the ICC Champions Trophy in Colombo in September 2002, were forced to retreat. Women joined betting circles and housewives in Delhi and Ahmedabad formed clubs to enjoy the sport (ESPNSTAR, Interesting history of womens cricket in India).In terms of playing the sport, there has been significant increase in the number of professional sportswomen in variety of sports including Badminton, tennis, hockey, golf and athletics. The increase in the number of tournaments is a testament to that fact, recently an international basketball tournament the FIBA Asia Womens Championship was hosted by Chennai, Featuring the best players and top teams from across the continent, the tournament was a success. (Deccan Chronicle, India Wakes up to alternate(a) spo rts)Female sports fans are different from male sports fans -fact or fiction?According to a research by Sargent, Zillmann, and Weaver, men and women enjoy distinctly different types of sports. Their findings revealed that males favorite(a) watching combative sports on television whereas females were partial to stylistic sports. Sport socialization research views the impact that environmental forces have on children and individuals from two different perspectives socialization into sport and socialization through sport.This line of inquiry indicates that people are attracted to sport due to formal channels (i.e., parents, peers, coaches, mass media, teachers) and informal channels (i.e., school, church, and community-based programs), as researched by Kenyon McPherson .Media plays a primary role for introducing new teams and sport leagues to adults. According to a study by Bruce, Institutional, social, and familial contexts also shape viewers interpretations of sports broadcasts. He also found that women did not display strong loyalties to specific womens sports teams that are common with men and their favorite mens teams. This was attributed to the extensive sports information and media attention accustomed to mens sports.In a study on cognitive development and socialization by James, in the initial development of team loyalty, it was found that children form preferences for sports teams early in life. Results of this study revealed and that the gender stereotype associating sports with males was prevalent among children and that fathers were the most influential socializing agent in introducing children to sports teams.In a study on experiences and personal effects of viewing televised sports, Gantz and Wenner found differences based on gender for 9 of the 15 motivation items examined however, these differences were not dramatic. Most notable among their findings, women were more likely to watch televised sports for troupe and sharing the experience with f amily and friends whereas men watched to unwind and become wrapped up in the excitement and drama of the game.Men invested more time in reading, listening, watching, and public lecture about sports and they were more likely to experience emotional fluctuations from watching sports.Men also tend to display a fan behavior and identify more strongly as a fan according to Dietz-Uhler.However, an equal number of male and female college students considered themselves to be sport fans. Females reported being fans because they attended and watched sporting events with family and friends while males were more likely to consider themselves fans because they played sports and wanted to acquire sports information.Measuring Spectator MotivesVarious methods to research on sport spectators have been real which utilizes a number of scales to assess the psychological motives related to attendance, media usage and interest at live sporting events.1) One of the first methods was developed by Wann. H e designed a comprehensive scale to measure eight factors observed to influence behavior eustress, self-esteem, escape, entertainment, economic (gambling), aesthetic, group affiliation, and family.2) Second method developed by Trail and James was the Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC) to examine ten aspects of spectator behavior achievement, acquisition of knowledge, aesthetics, drama, escape, family, physical attraction, physical skills of players, and social interaction.3) Thirdly, McDonald, Milne and Hong (2002) utilised a scale to measure spectator and sport participant motives related to risk-taking, stress reduction, aggression, affiliation, social facilitation, self-esteem, competition, achievement, skill mastery, aesthetics, value development, and self-actualization.Research MethodologyConceptual mannikin or Problem DefinitionTill now through an extensive analysis of literature we have seen that men and women both consume sports in their own way and one cannot ge neralize the consumption pattern of women. The motivations and the level of involvement for women depend on a lot of factors.Research Gap There is no study through in the Indian context to understand the women sports consumers, their stages of involvement and motivations to participate. Hence, this study is a step towards achieving an understanding of the same.Research ObjectiveThe objective of the research is to understand the Woman sports consumer in terms of her involvement level and motivation to consume a particular sport.The study of motivation for predicting consumer behavior is very difficult as to understand the interrelation between motives and specific behavior. Also, to develop a list of consumer motives comprehensive enough to capture the wide variety of motivating forces that shake up and shape behavior is challenging.To do the above, a framework could be constructed in the form of a social continuum which broadens the sport consumer motivation notion by employ invo lvement as a motivational construct to distinguish between various levels. Factors like womans role in the society would also be a part of this construct. Hence, a study of the immediate environment becomes imperative for studying the consumption pattern.The level of involvement of women consumer of sports should form the basis of the framework of social continuum where the stages convert from viewership to acceptance to fan base to taking part or actively playing to encouraging others to play or advocacy. As shown below,Identification of critical factors which defines each of the stages could be looked at and the motives of each stage should also be looked at. According to each stage a corresponding set of behavior would be associated. apprehensiveness different spectator motivations and involvement levels can be of significant benefit to the sport marketer looking to boost team revenues and gate receipts. Of particular interest are both the marketing manager understanding the spe cific motivations that drive a spectator or fan to consume a sport and the posterior development of marketing communications based on these motivations. These hard-hitting marketing communication plans can often help build groups of diehard fans, thus expanding the node base for a team. Spectator and fan motivation can also be used as an effective psychographic segmentation method that can result in more effective marketing campaigns.Sub Research ObjectiveInvolvementInvolvement could be defined as a state of interest, excitant or motivation towards an object, a product or even an activity. As put by a study do by Mitchell, Involvement represents an national state variable that reflects the amount of arousal, interest, or drive evoked by a particular stimuli or situation that mediates consumer behavior. Application of the involvement construct to examine sport spectators andsport fans would provide a fuller understanding of motives and what stimuli and situations direct behavio r (e.g., attendance, purchase of team merchandise, media consumption) and attitudinal formation (e.g., preferences, commitment, loyalty). Some parameters of study for involvement would beImportance of product as perceived by the consumerPleasure or enjoyment provided by the productRisk of making the wrong purchase or participating in the non enjoyable activitySelf expression it represents the identification of the person with the purchase or participationCentrality to lifestyle, encompasses socializing and interactionsMotivationTheories and studies have been done by researchers on how to assess the motives for consuming sports. These motives can be generally classified into the broad categories of study as EntertainmentStress and stimulation questSocial InteractionAchievement seekingApproach to AnalysisAccording to the sample distribution defined above, the research would be conducted two phases form 1 This would be in the form of exploratory research which would be used to develo p a conceptual model for examining involvement stages and their corresponding motives. The purpose of this is to identify any potential parameters related to spectator motives or involvement framework which were missed. In-depth interview of 5 respondents approximately would be taken in each market segment.Phase 2 This is the validation phase where the soft study would be validated by quantitative so that the result of the first phase could be extrapolated to a larger population if required.Sampling Universe The sampling universe could be defined as young women who are primarily college goers or into the first 2-3 years of job, who follow at least one sport, belonging to SEC A or SEC B.Details of Phase ISample Size 15-20 (Qualitative study)The sample size setting is done with a non-statistical approach where the selection is done anticipating subgroup analysis. The anticipation is that 4 meaningful clusters (market segments) would emerge and each cluster will channel approximately 5 respondents in average.SEC ASEC BCollege GoersUrbanSemi UrbanWorking WomenSemi UrbanUrbanThis is for the qualitative part of the research.Sampling Procedure Convenience Sampling (Non- probability sampling)Care would be taken to ensure that heterogeneity of the entire population can be effectively covered in the sample.Details of Phase IIThe phase II methodology would depend on the data collected in the first phase.ScopeThe study would help marketers understand the woman spectator motivations and stages of involvement in consuming sports in India, in turn, help in predicting behaviorThis would help marketers tap into the growing woman spectator base.Expected ContributionThere has been no study on understanding women spectators in the Indian context done till date. This research would help both the academia and industry to understand an upcoming segment.Understanding different spectator motivations and involvement levels is important for a sport marketer to tap the women consumer s egment which is increasingly becoming independent economically and socially.Understanding the involvement and motivations that drive a woman spectator to consume a sport in India would help marketers target this segment with crisp and relevant marketing communications.The involvement stages and motivations can also be used as an effective psychographic segmentation method for forming effective campaigns.