What is the Difference Between Biosphere and Ecosphere?

What is the Difference Between Biosphere and Ecosphere? Explain the difference between Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia and argue a case for adopting one of these descriptors for discussions of the earth Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia are used names of the global ecosystem. But each global ecosystem has its own or more meaning individually. The global ecosystem is natural cycles of interdependent organisms which shares and functions together in the same habitat. Ecosystems usually form a number of food webs. (Robert W. Christopherson 1996). Ecosystems relate to soil, plants, animals, chemicals and rocks amongst others of the planet. For example when we think of nature we think of living things such as planets and animals, the biotic components of an ecosystem include all the living things in an area. Biosphere â€Å"the place on earths surface where life dwells†. (Seuss E. 1875) Biosphere is a biological global sum of all ecosystems and life on earth which integrates all living things together from the beginning of time on earth evolving over billions of years. Estimated 3.5 billion years ago. (Campbell, Neil A. Brad Williamson, Robin J. Heyden 2006). The Biosphere originated from a geologist called Eduard Suess in 1875 but the concept wasnt really adapted until Vladimir Vernadsky in 1926 wrote the book the biosphere redefining biosphere as a current earth system this is a main core of ecology. The biosphere exchanges matter and energy with the other spheres, helping the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and along with other elements. This could be or is the reason why the biosphere is known as the global ecosystem, comprising the earth and performing all manner of biological functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, nitrogen fixation and gentrification. Gaia â€Å"The earth is more than just a home, its a living system and we are part of it.† (James Lovelock) is simply the core of James Lovelocks Gaia theory, also known as the Gaia hypothesis. It was originally proposed in 1963 by James Lovelock. While the name Gaia comes from a Greek goddess of earth it is mainly a similar take on the biosphere with the same components but proposed as viewing the earth as a single organism. James Lovelock said that Gaia was â€Å"a complex entity involving the Earths biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet† (James Lovelock 1979). The Gaia hypothesis states that the earth is alive, the search for life on mars led to lovelocks belief in the existence of Gaia. While we know theres no life on mars or Venus, lovelock compared it with the earths atmosphere which is a mixture of gases making life presen t, while earths gas is not the same but is contained in a constant state suggesting a regulation of the whole system on earth for example the climate, ocean and air are a self regulated process. While James Lovelocks theory wasnt totally accepted it is one looked over by scientists with mixed questioning critically whilst criticize by others. While Biosphere is known to serve at high levels of scientific research and being a core factor in within biology and ecology using remote sensing systems to scan the entire earths surface. Future of Healthcare Technology: PACS Future of Healthcare Technology: PACS PACS is the healthcare technology of the future. â€Å"A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a computerized means of replacing the role of conventional radiological film: images are acquired, stored, transmitted, and displayed digitally.† PACS is not just used in the radiology department it can be used all over the hospital in any location, anytime, anywhere and even be used with other hospitals, between different physicians. There are advantages and disadvantages to choosing to use the PACS system. There are other technologies that have a dramatic impact on the delivery of patient care as well these technology along with the PACS system make healthcare better. One of the biggest advantages to using the PACS system is the fact that everything is done digitally. In my research I have found several reasons that hospitals should chose PACS to operate there radiology department as well as all the other areas in the hospital. In several articles it has stated that the use of PACS main advantage is â€Å"the improvement in efficiency.† PACS has been proven to decrease medical errors due to the fact â€Å"once an image has been acquired onto PACS it cannot be lost, stolen, or misfiled.† The PACS system also allows images to be available anywhere in the hospital whereas conventional film can only physically exist in one place at any one time. With the PACS system the physician can compare images at the same time. If an image is too dark or too light before you would have to retake the x-ray but with the PACS system you can adjust these things on the computer. Physician can also take an image from ten years ago and put it into the PACS system and compare it with the most recent image. Things like this can really help with diagnosis and treatment of patients. PACS also helps patient care be quicker because the physician can view the images anytime and anywhere in the hospital. For example if a patient is have trouble in the ICU the physician can view any images necessary to help treat the patient without leaving the ICU area therefore if the physician is needed he/she is right there. These images are available to all the members of the care team not just the physician. PACS system has been proven to save lives as well as lower medical errors. I read an article that stated â€Å"when the PACS system is fully utilized, the technology can play a significant role in reducing the potential for error by eliminating steps in the distribution and management of images and associated patient information across the enterprise. PACS system also allows hospital staff and physicians can schedule and order exams, update patient information across an enterprise, provide information and images to physicians at the point of care, and provide diagnostic tools, features, and functionality to ensure the highest quality of interpretation and diagnosis. Currently 20% of films are missing when needed. This wouldnt happen if they were using the PACS system. â€Å"All images in the PACS database are automatically grouped into the correct examination, are Chronologically ordered, correctly oriented and labeled, and can be easily retrieved which is not necessarily the case without the PACS system.† The pediatrics and neonatal unit were among the first clinical specialties to start using the PACS system. Radiographic images play a big role in these departments. Time is very crucial in these units so it is a great advantage that you dont have to go to the radiology department to retrieve these images. This is one good example how the PACS system can save lives and why the hospital should be using this system. There are some disadvantages to the PACS system as well as with any system that you may choose to use. One disadvantage to the PACS system is cost of installing the PACS system in the hospital setting. In the year 1999 the cost of intalling the PACS system was one to two million dollars with a six percent annual maintenance. Studies have shown that PACS would pay for itself in five years. Another disadvantage is once you have gone filmless there is risk that the PACS system could have a system failure with this in mind as long as the data is backed up daily. One other potential problem of PACS is that the staff may not have the knowledge to be able to use the PACS system. In my research I found that when the PACS system is used along with the EMR and the CPOE there is a dramatic impact on patient care. The EMR is where all medical records, including all of patient images, pathology, surgical results and history are done and stored electronically. The CPOE is where the physicians use computers to due order entry. â€Å"Each of these things in isolation helps somewhat with patient care but when the three are used together the results are much greater. In Conclusion, healthcare technology is going to computerization and there is no stopping it. We are in an era where computers are an important part of daily life not just in the healthcare field. Learning how to use computers and there software is crucial for survival. In this paper I talked about one of the most rapidly growing systems in healthcare the PACS system. PACS is the healthcare technology of the future. â€Å"A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a computerized means of replacing the role of conventional radiological film: images are acquired, stored, transmitted, and displayed digitally.† PACS is not just used in the radiology department it can be used all over the hospital in any location, anytime, anywhere and even be used with other hospitals, between different physicians. I also talked about the advantages and disadvantages of the PACS system as well as other systems that work along with the PACS System. References: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1718393/pdf/v083p00082.pdf http://www.psqh.com/janfeb05/pacs.html http://www.medicexchange.com/PACS/going-filmless-intro-to-pacs-pa..

The Importance of Computers in Childrens lives :: Technology Education Argumentative Papers

The Importance of Computers in Children's lives Humans are making new inventions every day. Since the beginning of time, man has been inventing. Homo habilis started by inventing tools and weapons so he could survive. The inventions never stopped and something new is being invented each day: cars, computers, and even spacecrafts. We started inventing things like computers not just for survival, but to make everyday life as easy as possible. In today's society computers have become very important part of our lives. Many educators believe that the use of computers in school answers most of the important "learning" questions: This means test scores would go up, the individual pace of students would make it possible for the "slower" students to catch up, but of course there are many more who oppose to this idea. The introduction of computers in schools in poorer neighborhoods would mean more, because, unlike the upper and middle-class school districts, these kids would have little or no access to computers in their homes after school. A question that needs to be addressed is whether the novelty of computers makes a difference. While the better-off students were already "bored" or "surfeited" with the use of the computer, and their attention was no longer drawn to this technology as a "novelty", this "novelty" might just create interest and study improvement with lower-income students who may not have had the advantage of computer use before. What needs to be examined is both sides of the argument that computers somehow improve learning, sharpen minds, and get students more interested in learning. For example, is it true that, while there are many who feel there are educational and motivational advantages to this technology, we know that there are others who complain that it tends to make the students lazy, isolates them, dampens their creativity, and oversimplifies information. The question that arises in my mind is that can computers replace teachers? In other words, a computer's input-output is constant. On the other hand, you may have a good and inspiring teacher, or one who is just waiting out his time for a pension. Should we let our brains rely on someone else's technology, so that all we have to do is press few keys, and the computer does our "thinking" for us? If computers in schools are meant to improve our grades, as we enter this 21st Century are grades still that important?

Marketing Management and Philosophies Essay

Marketing Management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm’s marketing resources and activities. Rapidly emerging forces of globalization have compelled firms to market beyond the borders of their home country making International marketing highly significant and an integral part of a firm’s marketing strategy. Marketing managers are often responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand accepted definition of the term Various Management Philosophies Production Concept: The production concept holds that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. Product Concept: The production concept holds that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. Selling Concept: Many organizations follow the selling concept. The selling concept is the idea that consumers will not buy enough of the organization’s products unless the organization undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Marketing Concept: The marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. Societal Marketing Concept: The societal marketing concept holds that the organization should determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets. It should then deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and the society’s well-being. Contrast between Marketing Concept and Selling Concept The Selling Concept and the Marketing Concept are two different concepts of Marketing that related to the evolution of marketing in the world. The Selling Concept holds that in order for the firm to be profitable, it must focus on sales of the product regardless of the orientation of the product itself. This concept became popular after World War 2 demands of the consumer. Explains The Societal Marketing Concept 1) The societal marketing concept is the newest of the marketing philosophies. 2) It questions whether the pure marketing concept is adequate given the wide variety of societal problems and ills. 3) According to the societal marketing concept, the pure marketing concept overlooks possible conflicts between short-run consumer wants and long-run consumer welfare. 4) The societal concept calls upon marketers to balance three considerations in setting their marketing policies: a) Company profits. b) Customer wants. c) Society’s interests.

A Sense Of Autonomy And Self Control Essay - 1569 Words

Familial relationships play a vital role in the lives of individuals. Humans form and foster relationships early on in development. Within the first years of life, infants rely on their primary caretakers in order to meet their physical, emotional, social, and psychological needs. As children grow older, they learn to meet their own needs by means of self-regulation. This means to self-regulate is fostered through the attachment cycle, a foundation for relationships that creates and provides a way to adjust and adapt to future experiences, building a sense of autonomy and self-efficacy within the child. Today, many children face parental divorce, and their family dynamic and attachment cycle are altered. Divorce disrupts daily lives and often traumatizes children, affecting their self-perception and concepts of regular behavior. The stress and frustration endured by parents if often carried over to the children. The stress associated with divorce impacts the lives of children and puts them at risk for emotional, physical, academic, and psychological problems. Keywords: divorce, separation, trauma, relationship The Effects of Divorce on Development Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors Case Study Catherine, a 9-year-old child in third grade, has lately been disruptive within the classroom. She has not been behaving as usual: calm, social, easy to please, and joyful. Recently, she has had explosive behavior, throwing tantrums in the classroom during transitionsShow MoreRelatedThe National Quality Standard And Early Years Learning Framework Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesworld independently. It is, therefore, imperative that early childhood settings foster autonomy and develop age-appropriate social and emotional skills. This increasing independence must be fostered for children to grow, develop and become allowing them to function independently (autonomy). This is emphasised strongly through both the National Quality Standard and Early Years Learning Framework. This sense of autonomy can only be fostered if early childhood centres develop age-appropriate social andRead MoreEriksons Eigh Life-Span Stages at Stage 2902 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup, we decided to f ocus on Erikson’s Eight Life -Span stages which at stage 2, autonomy versus shame and doubt. As we focus on this stage, Erik Erikson usually more focus at â€Å"psychological view† of development. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is at stage 2 and it is in early childhood, infancy 1 year until 3 years. This stage is about the development of the greater sense of personal control on the children self. Besides, this stage also the conflict of toddlerhood and it been resolves positivelyRead MoreMy Class Of Third Grade Children1472 Words   |  6 PagesPerception For my class of third grade children I believe that their ability of goal perception and acceptance will vary greatly. 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RadelRead MoreAutonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others1528 Words   |  7 PagesAutonomy means behaving and thinking independently of others (Woo, 2014). As per Oxford dictionary (2014), autonomy is â€Å"the right or condition of self-government†; â€Å"Independence†; â€Å"Freedom from external control† and as per Webster dictionary, autonomy is â€Å"the state of acting separately from others†; â€Å"the state of being self-governing†. So, auton omous people are considered as self-directed, self-controlled and having the capacity to choose their own destiny. In the childhood context, autonomy meansRead More Eric Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development Essay example1434 Words   |  6 Pages2006). The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? 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They thought that to truly understand human functioning and well-being, researchers must assess the agentic nature of human behavior. The main focus of the theory concerns human motivation and personality. People are often motivated by an external factor such as rewards or praise but they are also intrinsically motivated. The intrinsic motivators are not usually externally rewarded butRead MoreNotes On Trust Vs. Mistrust1339 Words   |  6 Pagesmonths of age. During the first or even up to the second year of life mothers and fathers are looked to as any autonomy that the baby learns. The child develops hope and trust through the mother/father or caretaker if, the child is taken care of properly. Mistrust towards the world is created when he or she does not experience a blanket full of security, emotionally stable events or a sense of optimism. Important events such as feeding can help determine whether or not a child will learn to trust